70 STRONG DRINK AND TOBACCO SMOKE. 



In both these sections the cells containing green 

 colouring matter, the intercellular cavities of the leaf, 

 the external stomates, and the epidermis with hairs 

 attached, are well seen. 



Snuff, whether moist or high dried, should consist of 

 nothing but the tobacco leaves (with or without midribs) 

 in a fairly divided state, being reduced to powder after 

 undergoing the processes of fermentation, and, in the 

 manufacture of high-dried snufl', of roasting. 



Starches of the cereals, pea-meal, bran, sawdust of 

 various woods, malt rootlets, fustic, oxides of iron and 

 lead, and ground glass, have formed at various times 

 favourite adulterations with unprincipled tradesmen. 

 In a certain part of Ireland, which shall be nameless, 

 the acorn-cup of a large species of oak, Valonia, grow- 

 ing on the shores of the Mediterranean, have been 

 extensively used in the adulteration of high-dried snuff. 

 It need not be supposed that they were introduced into 

 the country solely for this purpose, their proj^er applica- 

 tion being in the tanner's pit, where they are very 

 valuable. On the principle, I presume, that they would 

 form a difficult ingredient to find a name for, even 

 with a powerful microscope, they were freely used for 

 a time, until detection and punishment put an end to 

 the speculation. I have given a figure of the microscopic 

 structure of the Valonia acorn-cup at Plate 8, fig. 27, 

 and of the liairs with which it is covered externally. It 

 partakes largely of the peculiar characters which distin- 

 guish the structure of our fruit-stones, and like them, 



