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The Coastal Zone Management Act — The original Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) was passed 

 in 1972, amended in 1980, and reauthorized in 1990. The lead agencies for implementation of the latest 

 CZMA programs are the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Oceanic and 

 Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 



Section 6217 of the 1990 legislation requires each state with a federally approved CZMA program to 

 develop a 'coastal non|x>int pollution control protection program' to implement coastal land use 

 management measures for controlling NPS pollution. The states are able to provide maximum flexibility 

 in establishing the state and local institutional arrangements to accomplish the control of NPS pollution. 

 State programs, however, must be developed and implemented in conformity with national guidelines. 



Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act — Under FIFRA, the EPA collects environmental 

 fate data that are used, among other things, to indicate whether a pesticide poses a threat to ground or 

 surface water. Based on such data, the agency may require label directions and precautions to inform the 

 applicator that the pesticide must be used in a manner that prevents water supply contamination. 



Also under FIFRA, the EPA may restrict, cancel, or temporarily suspend all or some pesticide uses that 

 pose unreasonable risks to human health or the environment through contamination of water supplies. 

 The agency has proposed a Ground Water Restricted-Use rule that describes the criteria (i.e., a pesticide's 

 tendency to leach) for identifying pesticides for possible restricted-use classification because of ground 

 water concern. After the final rule is promulgated, EPA will initiate reviews to classify up to 30 

 pesticides as restricted-use chemicals because of their tendencies to leach to ground water. Restrictions 

 may include limiting use to certified applicators. 



S^fe Drinking Water Act — Under the Safe Drinking Water Act's Public Water Systems Program 

 (PWSP), the EPA regulated six pesticides and nitrate/nitrite in addition to other chemicals and biological 

 contaminants. Under the drinking water regulations announced in January 1991, effective in July 1992, 

 states must adopt new drinking water standards for 33 potential drinking water contaminants including 18 

 pesticides. The EPA has also developed Health Advisories for about 70 pesticides that are actual or 

 potential ground water contaminants. In addition, EPA implemented new standards of 1 ppm for nitrite 

 and 10 ppm for nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen (N) combined in July 1992. 



EPA has established requirements for regular monitoring, public notification of contamination, and 

 specific timeframes for removal of the contamination. Monitoring for the 18 pesticides covered under 

 the new drinking water standards were phased in after July 1992. Such an approach gives states the 

 opportunity to institute watershed and ground water protection measures to keep pesticides out of drinking 

 water. EPA also conducts and enforces drinking water programs in states that do not have primacy or 

 are not enforcing their programs adequately. 



Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation andLiability Act— Super fund, created in 1980, 

 is an important tool in EPA's response to the nation's hazardous waste problem. Approximately 31,000 

 hazardous waste sites have been identified. Some of these sites are in rural areas, and sometimes involve 

 contamination of ground and surface water due to improper disposal of septic tank wastes and sludge 

 containing hazardous substances such as PCBs, benzene, and toluene, or wastes fi"om pesticides and 

 fertilizer manufacturers. Estimated costs for cleaning up some of the Superfund sites are very high, 

 running in the millions of dollars. 



Toxic Substances Control Act — EPA has broad authority under section 6 of the Toxic Substances 

 Control Act (TSCA) lo control manufacturing, processing, distribution in commerce, use or disposal of 



