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Small Farming Systems Research Project in Burundi. While many of these initiatives 

 were well meant, the problems afflicting Africa have proved to be more systemic. 

 Accordingly, L'SAID has shifted focus away from single projects toward broader issues. 

 For example, our environmental programs address such problems as the lack of effective 

 management at local levels, prices that promote short-term use over long-term 

 management, and other policy and market failures. 



USAIDs 1 environmental programs have helped farmers and herders by 

 supporting the institutional, technical, economic, and political changes that lead to 

 sustainable development. For example, in Mali, the Development of the Haute Vallee 

 Project (DHV-five years and $170 million), the PVO CO-financing Project (five years and 

 $16 million! and the Farming Systems Project (seven years and $19.7 million) are 

 simultaneously promoting positive national land use and marketing policies, and at the 

 same time helping farmers to increase yields and diversify their economic activities 

 using environmentally sustainable practices. 



Another major initiative aimed at creating a sound policy and planning 

 framework has been (J SAID support the National Environmental Action Plans (NEAP). 

 In several countries, such as I ganda, Madagascar, Gambia, Rwanda, and Guinea, 

 I SMI) has become the lead bilateral donor in this process, providing financial support 

 and intellectual leadership. I SAID also is working closely with the World Bank and 



