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for the United States if it was in an enterprise fund to let our pri- 

 vate companies carry out water rather than let us just go and 

 dump the money over there? 



Ms. Brookins. I think we have to still continue to do humani- 

 tarian or technical assistance, but I think the more technical as- 

 sistance that we can use in leveraging it through some type of en- 

 terprise fund where the U.S. Government puts up maybe $2 for 

 every $10 that a private business puts up, with specific projects or 

 plans in mind, an investment that they're committed to making, I 

 think it can bring a tremendous multiplier effect to our opportuni- 

 ties. 



Mr. Baesler. Would it also be a Uttle bit more expedient? Be- 

 cause everything I've read in all your testimonies is the fact that 

 it's like dripping water. It's going to be a real slow process here to 

 be able to get things turned around, and it seems to me that the 

 private sector would speed up that process, because profit motive 

 has a little way of doing that. 



Ms. Brookins. I hope so. It's certainly worked for our economy, 

 so I hope that it would work in Russia as well. 



Mr. Baesler. We presently don't put much in the enterprise 

 fund, do we? 



Ms. Brookins. We don't have an enterprise fund for Russia. We 

 have enterprise funds in some of the East European countries, but 

 we don't have any specifically in agribusiness or an agricultural en- 

 terprise fund, and that's what I'm suggesting we might want to do. 



Mr. Baesler. I understand. And that's even in European coun- 

 tries, you don't have any for agribusiness. 



Ms. Brookins. No. 



Mr. Baesler. Thank you. 



Mr. Penny. Mr. Barlow. 



Mr. Barlow. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



Ms. Brookins, you mentioned that $12 billion roughly is being 

 held offshore by the Russians. Are there any figures on how much 

 of that is state corporations versus private individuals? 



Ms. Brookins. I would imagine that a great deal of it, sir, is 

 state corporations in the sense that the Federal authorities have 

 lost control over the companies that they own in terms of the oil 

 industry, the gas industry. So there are a lot of deals being done 

 where it's actual money owed to, let's say, the Russian oil state 

 business, but it's being kept offshore by people who have sold the 

 oil out of a well in Siberia or somewhere like that, and there's been 

 no control — they don't have an effective IRS and Customs Service 

 and Central Bank structure right now to be able to recapture that 

 and repatriate it. 



Additionally, there's no incentive for anyone to bring the money 

 back, because they'd have to turn it back into rubles, and rubles 

 are certainly dropping dramatically in value. I mean, I was in Rus- 

 sia about a year ago, and the value of the ruble in February then 

 was about 90 to the dollar. When I went back over there this past 

 February, it was about 460 to the dollar, and now it's gone down 

 further. When I go back for the referendum, it will be even lower, 

 I would imagine. 



Mr. Barlow. Well, is there any indication that there's any dis- 

 cipline being resurrected within the administrative structures in 



