40 SALICACEAE 



Distribution. — The Autumn Willow inhabits swamps and 

 bogs from Newfoundland west to Alberta and south to Massa- 

 chusetts, northern Ohio, and Indiana. Its occurrence in Illinois 

 is substantiated for a single locality near Beach, in Lake County. 



SALIX FRAGILIS Linnaeus 

 Crack Willow Brittle Willow 



The Crack Willow, fig. 4, is often shrubby, although at ma- 

 turity' it becomes a slender tree up to 80 feet tall with gray, 

 roughish bark and reddish-green twigs that are very brittle at 

 the base. Its leaves are lanceolate, long-acuminate at the tip, 

 acute at the base, distinctly and rather sharply serrate with 

 rather widely set, small teeth, glabrous both above and below 

 and distinctly glaucous below, dark green above, 3 to 6 inches 

 long, and Yz to \ inch wide. The glabrous, gland-bearing 

 petioles are ]/j_ to two-thirds inch long. The semicordate stipules 

 are early deciduous. 



The catkins in flower are 1 to 3 inches long, the staminate 

 bearing 2-stamened flowers, the filaments of which are sepa- 

 rate and pubescent below. The pistillate catkins, which stand 

 on the ends of lateral, leafy peduncles, are rather loosely flow- 

 ered and at maturity become 3 to 5 inches long. The female 

 flowers, bearing pistils with short styles and 2-notched stigmas, 

 develop into conic, glabrous capsules up to ]/^ inch long, which 

 are set on short pedicels that scarcely exceed the glands. The 

 species flowers in early May with the leaves, and the fruit 

 matures in June. 



Distribution. — The Crack Willow, a native of Europe, has 

 been planted more or less widely throughout eastern North 

 America. It is reported to have become an escape in northern 

 Atlantic Coast states. In Illinois, it is somewhat doubtfully 

 recorded from Kankakee County and in the Chicago region, 

 where it is said to be a common escape along roads and fences. 



SALIX LONGIFOLIA Muhlenberg 

 Sandbar Willow Longleaf Willow 



The Sandbar Willow, fig. 4, is a fairly tall shrub with clus- 

 tered, gray-barked stems that attain a height of 5 to 15 feet, 

 sometimes more. The usually linear-lanceolate leaves, which 



