CAPRIFOLIACEAE 255 



branches and pubescent, partly pubescent, or smooth branch- 

 lets. The pinnately compound leaves are made up of 5 or 7 

 leaflets, and there generally are 2 large glands in place of 

 stipules at the base of the petiole. The leaflets are ovate- 

 lanceolate to oval, 21/ to 6 inches long, and up to 2 inches 

 wide, with finely serrate margins and with blades gradually 

 narrowed to a long point or acuminate at the apex and nar- 

 rowed or rounded and asymmetrical at the base. At maturity, 

 the surface is smooth above and lighter green and pubescent 

 beneath. The uppermost 2 leaflets are sessile; the others stand 

 on short stalks; and the terminal leaflet stands on a stalk a 

 little more than 14 to 1 inch long. 



The inflorescence is a pyramid-shaped, crowded and con- 

 gested cyme, which bears a large number of small, white flow- 

 ers that blossom in the early part of ]\Iay. The fruit matures 

 in late June as a scarlet to red, broadly ovate, flat-topped 

 berry with yellowish juice and it contains 3 small seeds. 



Distribution. — The Scarlet Elder, a shrub of bogs and wet 

 woods, ranges from Newfoundland to Alaska and southward 

 as far as Georgia and California. In Illinois, it is limited in 

 occurrence to the northeastern part of the state. There it is 

 especially abundant in Cook County, less frequent in Kankakee, 

 Will and La Salle counties. There is an isolated report, pos- 

 sibly to be doubted, of its occurrence in Cass County. 



VIBURNUM (Tournefort) Linnaeus 

 Arrowwood Cranberry Tree Snowballs 



The arrowwoods are shrubs or small trees with simple, 

 though sometimes lobed, opposite leaves with or without stip- 

 ules, which bear flowers in compound cymes. There are 5 

 calyx teeth, and the regular corolla, which is wheel shaped or 

 shortly bell shaped, has 5 lobes. There are 5 stamens and a 

 1- to 3-celled ovary which develops into a 1-seeded drupe. 



The viburnums are widely distributed and comprise more 

 than 100 species. Between 15 and 20 of them occur in North 

 America, and the 9 species given below are native in Illinois. 

 They constitute a very difficult group, upon which the best 

 authorities are not at the present time in agreement. Besides 

 those given below, there probably are others native in the 

 state. 



