GLOSSARY 



279 



more definitely toothed than is 

 implied in the term crenate. 



Crenulate. The same as cre- 

 nate, except that the rounded 

 teeth are very small. 



Cuneate. Wedge-shaped. Used 

 particularly to describe leaf 

 bases when the margins taper 

 to the petiole as a wedge does 

 to its point. 



Cuspidate. Prolonged at the 

 tip into a tapering, sharp 

 point. Such points are usually 

 firmer than the tissues from 

 which they arise. 



Cyme. An inflorescence in 

 which the central flower opens 

 first and the outer or lower 

 ones later. 



Cymose. Having the charac- 

 teristics of a cyme. 



Deciduous. Falling oflr. Used 

 for trees and shrubs from 

 which the leaves fall in the 

 autumn and also for plant 

 parts, such as sepals and 

 stipules, that fall off soon 

 after they appear. Contrast- 

 ing words are evergreen and 

 persistent. 



Decumbent. Growing flat 

 along the ground but with 

 stem tips or branches ascend- 

 ing. Used to indicate the 

 growth habit of certain low 

 shrubs. 



Decurrent. Running down the 

 stem. Used in this text only 

 for lines of hairs, which begin 

 at leaf bases or leaf-scars 

 and extend various distances 

 downward. 



Dehiscent. Splitting open. Used 

 in this text only to describe 

 seed capsules. 



Dentate. Toothed. A general 

 descriptive term for leaf mar- 

 gins. 



Denticulate. Toothed, but the 

 toothing very fine. 



Diadelphous. In two groups. 



Used for stamens that are 

 separated into two distinct 

 sets. 



Dichotomously. Dividing into 

 equal branches. Used in this 

 text to describe the forking of 

 stems and branches and of 

 stalks in inflorescences. 



Digitate. Spreading like the 

 fingers. Used in this text only 

 for the arrangement of leaflets 

 in certain compound leaves. 



Dilated. Swollen or expanded. 



Dioecious. Unisexual. Used in 

 this text to indicate that stam- 

 inate flowers are borne on one 

 plant and pistillate flowers on 

 another. Contrasting terms 

 are monoecious and perfect. 



Disarticulate. To disjoint. Used 

 in this text for the separating 

 of fruit from the stem on 

 which it is borne. 



Disk. A glandlike structure 

 found in certain types of 

 flowers, to which petals and 

 often stamens are attached. 



Divaricate. Widely spreading. 

 Indicates that branches ex- 

 tend outward almost at right 

 angles to the stem from which 

 they arise. 



Divergent. Spreading or spread- 

 ing apart. Used to describe 

 the angle of growth of 

 branches and the positions of 

 flower stalks in inflorescences. 

 Less widely spreading than 

 divaricate. 



Dorsal. The back of a plant 

 part. For example, the upper 

 side of a leaf. 



Drupe. A fleshy fruit with the 

 seed inclosed in a stony cov- 

 ering. Plums, cherries and 

 olives are topical drupes. 



Drupelet. The same as a 

 drupe, except that the fruit is 

 very small. Used in this text 

 for the individual parts of 

 the raspberry fruit. 



