12 



some of those and enjoy some of the city as well. The Bounty of Fall 

 River is out there. I guess the Ernestina is out there somewhere. 

 There was, I think, supposed to be a Coast Guard cutter, but I 

 think that's probably steaming north somewhere. There is a lot 

 here. I hope you have a chance to take advantage of it. Thank you. 



Senator Kerry. Thanks very much. 



Mr. HoGAN. Let me try to reinforce some of the things that Sen- 

 ator Kerry has mentioned earlier. In particular, the fact that this 

 is an international crisis. We are not alone as a nation in dealing 

 with this. The fisheries around the world are threatened. It is a 

 worldwide crisis of international proportion. It is a problem that 

 many, many countries have attempted to deal with, and almost 

 none of them successfully. 



From that, I would tend to conclude that the problem with man- 

 aging the fishery is an extraordinarily difficult problem. There may 

 have been some successes in Australia, that may be a lesson, and 

 within the limits of 2 minutes I'll try to very, very briefly allude 

 to some of what has happened there. 



But a point that needs to be stressed in particular, that in the 

 context of trying to reauthorize the Magnuson Act, which is essen- 

 tially the brief way of saying how do we manage this fishery re- 

 source in the United States and its international implications, it is 

 extraordinarily difficult. We have really no successes to look to any- 

 where in the world. 



And so anyone who savs "yes, I as an individual have the an- 

 swer" I think automatically should be discounted. 



One conclusion that I would like to stress is that there is no sim- 

 ple answer to this, and there is no single individual or group of in- 

 dividuals or perspective who would be able to provide an adequate 

 answer to this issue of reauthorizing this Magnuson Act and man- 

 aging the fisheries of the United States. There are a number of as- 

 pects of this reauthorization that look forward to the future, and 

 so let me stress here again some of the issues that have been men- 

 tioned earlier this morning are immediate issues, and I don't want 

 to downplay them. They're extremely important. They require im- 

 mediate attention. 



I and others, less so than many of the others in this room, have 

 spent a good deal of time thinking and talking and coming up with 

 proposals to address these immediate problems. The agenda this 

 morning, as I understand it, is to look forward into the future to 

 look at the longer term to try to come up with some specific sugges- 

 tions or at least ideas or concepts for the reauthorization. 



In 1968, a biologist named Garret Hardin wrote an article that 

 has now become a classic called "The Tragedy of the_Ci)mmons." 

 The fisheries are a common resource. They have ^een overfished 

 because everyone as an individual has an incentive to catch all the 

 fish as fast as possible, and none of them have an incentive to con- 

 serve the fishery. 



The procedures in place in the prior authorization in the Magnu- 

 son Act have not effectively, nor has anyone else in the world for 

 that matter, effectively addressed that unfortunate economic con- 

 flict. 



So, I would urge that there be a study. I don't have the answers. 

 I don't think any one individual has the answer. But I would urge 



