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incorporated within some or all of the filler 

 material, applied to the wrapper of the 

 tobacco rod, applied within the glue line of 

 the wrapper of the tobacco rod, applied 

 within a region (e.g., a cavity)'-'... 

 -patent no. 4,830,023 C5:59-65 



It can use a variety of methods to add nicotine to tobacco: 



. . . [T] he additive [nicotine levulinate] can 

 be applied using syringes or techniques such 

 as spraying, electrostatic deposition, 

 impregnation, garniture injection, spray 

 drying, inclusion and encapsulation 

 technologies, and the like'^. 



-patent no. 4,830,028 C6:4-7 



Let me describe in some detail how some of the technologies 

 can be used to increase or control the nicotine level of tobacco. 



The industry had to tackle a new problem beginning in the 

 1960s as public concern about the health consequences of smoking 

 intensified. The industry began to market cigarettes it 

 described as low yield. It faced a major challenge, however, 

 because in the words of patent no. 4,830,028, "the perceived 

 taste or strength of the cigarettes classified as having lower 

 levels of 'tar' and nicotine are progressively less than that of 

 the cigarettes which are classified as approaching the 

 characteristics of the "full flavor" cigarettes." 



The patent then describes a way to add nicotine to the "low 

 yield" cigarettes. If nicotine alone is sprayed on a blend of 

 tobacco, the patent states that the smoke that results will be 

 unacceptably harsh or irritating tq the user. So, instead of 

 just spraying nicotine on the tobacco blend, the patent combines 

 nicotine with another compound, an organic acid called levulinic 

 acid, to form a salt that masks the irritating qualities of 



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