93 



of how cigaretce companies appear to be controlling the amounts 

 of nicotine to deliver set levels". 



The cigarette industry has also undertaken a significant 

 amount of research looking at the potential "beneficial" effects 

 of nicotine. It has studied the effects of nicotine on anxiety, 

 heart rate, electroencephalographs (EEC's), and behavioral 

 performance tasks. Such research on the physiological effects of 

 an active ingredient is a common part of pharmaceutical drug 

 development" ,'','%''.''.''.''/'. 



Perhaps the most striking aspect of the research undertaken 



by the tobacco industry is its search for, and its patenting of, 



new nicotine-like chemicals that exhibit pharmacological 



properties which, in their own words, "are indicated for utility 



as potential psychotherapeutic agents'''." One patent describes 



nicotine-like chemicals which 



exhibit tranquilizing and muscle-relaxing properties when 

 administered to mammals. The nicotine analogs do not exhibit 

 nicotine-like properties, such as tachycardia, hypertension, 

 gastrointestinal effects, emesis in dogs, and the like. 



Example XXIX in the patent 



illustrates the pharmacological properties of nicotine 

 analogs .... 



The tranquilizing effects of invention nicotine compounds 

 are measured after intraperitoneal (IP) and intraventricular 

 (IVC) administration in the form of hydrochloride salts. 



Sedation is determined by measuring locomotion in an open 

 field maze, and the response to noxious (air blast) stimuli. 

 Body tone is estimated by handling rats and by the ability , 

 to hang from a rotating rod. 



Tranquilization after intraventricular (IVC injection) is 

 estimated from muscle weakness in all four limbs, body tone 

 and general activity". 



22 



