106 



Criteria for Drug Dependence 



Primary Criteria 



• highly controlled or compulsive use 



• psychoactive effects 



• drug-reinforced behavior 



Additional Criteria 

 Addictive behavior often involves: 



• stereotypic patterns of use 



• use despite harmful effects 



• relapse following abstinence 



• recurrent drug cravings 



Dependence-producing drugs 

 often produce: 



• tolerance 



• physical dependence 



• pleasant (euphoric) effects 



{Source: U.S. Surgeon General's Report, 1988) 



Chart A 



