148 



But by 1994, as discussed this morning, the industry has been 

 able to achieve enormous control over nicotine delivery through ad- 

 vances in technology. This patent shows that, and I will read from 

 a couple of items in the patent. 



"It has long been known in the tobacco industry that in order to 

 provide a satisfying smoke, it is desirable to maintain the nicotine 

 contents of tobacco products at a uniform level. However, it is dif- 

 ficult to accomplish this result since nicotine content of tobacco var- 

 ies widely depending on the type of tobacco and the conditions 

 under which the tobacco is grown." 



It discusses the importance of nicotine to give the desired physio- 

 logic activity of smoking, and it says it is desirable to add nicotine 

 in a way that allows accurate control of nicotine in tobacco smoke. 



The other materials I submitted with my statement provide some 

 of the patents on the technology that is available to the industry 

 about adding nicotine to filters, to paper, to other smoking material 

 besides tobacco. One of the materials used in the industry is to- 

 bacco extract. And this is a sample of flue-cured tobacco extract 

 that has about 1 percent nicotine in it. 



Mr. Wyden had discussed earlier this morning the additive list, 

 and I quote from the Comprehensive Smoking Education Act of 

 1984 that directs the companies to provide information. The infor- 

 mation that is directed is information on ingredients added to to- 

 bacco in the manufacture of cigarettes. 



My reading of that is that there is no requirement in the law 

 that the companies have to divulge additives to paper or to filters 

 or to any non-tobacco smokable material that may be in the tobacco 

 rod so your list of 700 ingredients may not be complete and exhaus- 

 tive. Besides, I don't believe the companies regard this as an ingre- 

 dient. 



Cigarette companies intend that their customers inhale main- 

 stream tobacco smoke and absorb the nicotine. Advertising for 

 Camels and Lucky Strikes in the 1930's mentions inhalation as a 

 specific feature of their products. 



Claims about reduced throat irritation are predicated on inhala- 

 tion and cigarette manufacturers have never said that inhaling was 

 a misuse of their products and never tried to design their products 

 so they were difficult to inhale. They have conducted secret re- 

 search through the special projects on the toxicity of inhalation. 

 R.J. Reynolds in fact used an inhalation study as the gold standard 

 of how well Premier functioned as a cigarette. 



Cigarette companies also intend specific pharmocologic effects 

 from their cigarettes. This is a study from laboratories at R.J. 

 Reynolds showing that relaxation and stimulation specifically come 

 from smoking cigarettes. In this case, they compared smoking a 

 conventional cigarette with smoking a nicotine-free Next cigarette. 



The chart on the left demonstrates that nicotine is not absorbed 

 from the Next while it is from the regular cigarette. The charts on 

 the right show that EEG changes associated with relaxation and 

 stimulation come from the nicotine-containing cigarette, but not 

 from the nicotine-free cigarette. 



Mr. Waxman. Thank you. We will have the rest of the charts in 

 testimony in the record. 



Mr. Gardner. 



