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on cigarettes because there are people who want to smoke, who if 

 you tell them they are addicted and they believe they are addicted, 

 it is going to make it harder for them to believe they can stop. 



Mr. Waxman. That must be why that company suppressed the 

 study that indicated that perhaps cigarettes are addicting. They 

 didn't want people to hear it because they might in fact become ad- 

 dicted if they heard it. 



Do you think that might be the case? 



Mr. Raffle. I am trying to answer your other question, sir; then 

 I could come back to that one. I would be glad to. 



Mr. Waxman. Why don't you answer the second one first? 



Mr. Raffle. I am trying to keep the questions straight, Mr. Wax- 

 man. 



In terms of Ms. McGlothlin's very troubling letter, to me, that 

 when smokers are in a hospital and the doctor says, this is not a 

 smoking hospital, people stop smoking. If they have addictions to 

 real drugs like heroin and cocaine; and you say, this is not a hos- 

 pital where you can get heroin and cocaine, they are not able to 

 stop because they go into the withdrawal that I described in my re- 

 port to you today. 



Smokers who are in social situations or in situations where they 

 have to not smoke stop smoking, and they do it for long periods of 

 time and they are able to without going into withdrawal. 



Mr. Waxman. I want to hear from Dr. Slade. You are an expert 

 on addiction. 



Mr. Slade. I am not sure that Dr. Raffle has been in an acute 

 care hospital recently where smoking has been banned. In my hos- 

 pital ana other facilities, smoking is frequently confined now to the 

 bathrooms where patients go to avoid getting scolded by the staff. 

 They are not able to stop. Aiid it is actually another issue. 



Our physicians are not treating nicotine withdrawal, not rec- 

 ognizing it as often as it exists. And there are other ways to treat 

 it besides letting people go into the bathroom to smoke. 



Mr. Waxman. You don't believe. Dr. Slade, that people are ad- 

 dicted to cigarettes because somebody told them they are addicted 

 and therefore they talked themselves into it, do you? 



Mr. Slade. That is nonsense. Nicotine causes 



Mr. Waxman. Absolute nonsense. 



Dr. Raffle, I am just really astounded to hear a person come here 

 and say that — who has presumably some scientific background. 



Mr. Synar. Mr. Chairman. 



Mr. Spears, I want to correct something. Did you say nicotine is 

 used only for flavor by the tobacco industry? 



Mr. Spears. I said nicotine is an important flavor to the tobacco 

 product. 



Mr. Synar. Is that the reason nicotine is used? 



Mr. Spears. Nicotine is a natural ingredient of tobacco. 



Mr. Synar. What is it used for? Is it for flavor? 



Mr. Spears. It is present. It is not used for anything. It is an in- 

 gredient of tobacco. 



Mr. Synar. But is its purpose flavor? 



Mr. Spears. Its purpose is — make a cigarette that contains to- 

 bacco, and it automatically contains nicotine; and nicotine is an in- 

 tegral part of the flavor of that cigarette. 



