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and development to deal with the problems facing the tobacco industry, particularly in the 

 area of tobacco and health. A 1973 Philip Morris document discusses in depth the reasons 

 why people smoke cigarettes, with emphasis on the affects of nicotine on body function. 



A 1981 Philip Morris document noted that "Nicotine is a powerful pbarmacological agent 

 with multiple sites of action and may be the most important component of cigarette smoke. 

 Nicotine and an understanding of its properties are important to the continued well being 

 of our cigarette business since this alkaloid bas been cited often as the 'reason for 

 smoking' and theories have been advanced for 'nicotine titration' by the smoker. Nicotine 

 is known to have effects on the central nervous system as well as mfluencing memory, 

 learning, pain perception, response to stress and level of arousal." 



A review of the tobacco industry patents that have been fded for the last several decades 

 also establishes a documented intent on the part of the tobacco industry to research and 

 develop products that are designed to both "mitigate and prevent disease" as well as 

 designed to affect function and structure of the body. 



A 1971 Philip Morris patent, for example, talks about maintaining the nicotine content at a 

 sufTiciently high level to provide the desired physiological activity... without raising the 

 nicotine to an undesirably high level. The patent also says by employing the nicotine 

 releasing agents and methods... it is possible to incorporate exact amounts of nicotine in 

 tobacco composition, which will remain constant over extended periods and will ultimately 

 yield a smoke containing a controlled amount of nicotine. 



A 1985 Brown and Williamson patent talks about a process "for treating tobacco to reduce 

 nitrate and nicotine contents thereof which when incorporated into a tobacco smoking 

 product, yields smoke with reduced nitrogen oxides, hydrogen cyanide and nicotine 



