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31 



the industry After a bnef discussion the remaining tl>.e scientific 

 directors quickJy arrived at (illegible) that: 



1. There is general agreement that it is desirable (1 feel it is necessary) 

 to establish the scientific facts which will put smoking and health into 

 the proper perspective. These problems are of such magnitude that 

 they are beyond the capability of any one company to attack with the 

 expectation of making the needed progress within reasonable tune 

 limits. 



2. In order to do this it will require an extensive and broadly based 

 program which includes epidemiology, pharmacology, toxicology, 

 chemistry and the necessary interactions of compxDnents of cigarene 

 smoke with biological systems of animals and where necessary 

 humans. rMy thoughts expressed here may in fact go somewhat 

 beyond my fellow conferees.) 



3. The organization discussed above contains the essential elements to 

 undertake the kind of program which is required. 



4. In addition we reached general agreement that in many areas of 

 basic research such as the isolation and identification of components 

 of cigarene smoke and other problems with non-competitive 

 implications, work should be jointly planned and divided between 

 individual industry labs so as to eliminate unnecessary duplication 

 and to generate more information faster without an increase in funds 

 needed to do the work. 



A 1973 internal Philip Morris (William Dunn Jr.) memorandum on "Motives and 



Incentives in Cigarette Smoking" describes the conclusions of a 1972 Council for 



Tobacco Research scientific conference in St. Martin on the question of "Why do 



people smoke cigarettes?" The conference concluded that: 



The primary incentive to cigarette smoking is the immediate salutary 

 effect of inhaled smoke upon body function... that nicotine is the active 

 constituent of cigarene smoke. Without nicotine, the argument goes, 

 there would be no smoking. . . Think of the cigarene pack as a storage 

 container for a day's supply of nicotine. . . Think of the cigarene as a 

 dispenser for a dose unit of nicotine. . . .Think of a puff of smoke as the 

 vehicle for nicotine.... Smoke is beyond question the most optimized 

 vehicle of nicotine and the cigarene the most optimized dispenser of 

 smoke. 



An October 1978 presentation (revised draft) made by H. Wakeman of Philip 



Morris described the company's plan and activities as follows: 



I have been given five minutes to describe a five-year plan for Research 

 and Development.... Firstly, we would like you to think of Research and 

 Development as a originator, developer, and tester of the technological 

 weapons system that underlies and protects company policies, particularly 



