290 



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n1cot1n« has well-danonstrated effects on the cardiovascular system, 

 the rated quantities of these two components cannot give all the 

 Information relevant to the potential toxicity of cigarettes. In 

 particular, these ratings do not take Into account the yield of 



gases — such as carbon monoxide, hvdrogen cyanide, and acrolein, 

 addition, flavorings are added." '■* 



"Saokers who want to reduce the health hazards from their cigarettes 

 are best advised to quit smoking entirely. 



"For continuing smokers, exposure to the const Itutents of smoke and 

 attendant risks depend not only on the content, construction, and 

 number of cigarettes, but also on the way they are saiokad. 



"Therefore, the T/N yields may or may not correspond well to the 

 actual hazerd exposure of d1ffere-t smokers. 



"Thus, the e-iJence for switching to lower T/N cigarettes 1s 



doubtful In our judgment, the degree of benefit most smokers can 



expect from switching to lower T/N brands. If any. Is saall coeipared 

 With the benefit of stopping smoking completely." ^ 



New England Journal of Medicine; 



"Advertisements from cigarette manufacturers suggesting that smokers 

 of low-y1eld cigarettes will be exposed to less tar and nicotine are 

 misleading. Patients who smoke cigarettes should be so advised." " 

 "We think that In the case of the habitual smoker for whom cutting 

 down on nicotine and tar Intake Is considered to be medically 

 Important, it Is unlikely that changing the brand of cigarette will 

 accomplish this goal. ...We ... found that people who wanted to stop 

 smoking and who were smoking low-yield cigarettes did not consume 

 less nicotine, as judged by blood cotlnlne concentration, than 

 smokers of higher-yield cigarettes." ^® 



New York State Journal of Medicine : 



In 1985, th« Journal advised doctors against any reliance on low yield 

 cigarettes as an alternative to quitting smoking, pointing out that these 

 cigarettes are as deadly as the high yield brands or are not safe: 



"A review of research In 1983 and 1984 on low tar-low nicotine 

 cigarettes, as reported in the Bibliography on Smoking and Health 

 (Washington, OC, Office on Smoking and Health), shows that all 

 experimental studies presented evidence that the so-called less 

 hazardous cigarettes are either no less hazardous or are simply not 



