293 



- 49 - 



"The laboratory and field studies of smoking generally but not 

 unifonily show that a significant proportion of smokers who switch 

 to lo«»er tar and nicotine cigarettes change the way they smoke them 

 so as to compensate partially for the reductions in tar and nicotine 

 yields, thus making the reduction 1n actual tar and nicotine 

 absorption by smokers less substantial than the reduction in tar and 

 nicotine ratings based on the FTC smoking machine method." ^°* 



New England Journal of Medicine ; 



"... low-yield cigarettes may even increase the health risk, since 

 smoke«-s who switch to these cigarettes may compensate for the lower 

 Intake of nicotine by smoking more cigarettes per day, inl.f.ling more 

 deeply, puffing more frequently, or smoking cigarettes to a shorter 

 butt length. '" 



New York State Journal of Medicine; 



"... The question of nicotine compensation also has been approached 

 using volunteers who were made to switch to progressively lower- 

 yield brands. Measures of smoking exposure such as blood CQHb, 

 serum cotlnlne, and plasma thiocyanate all demonstrated that more 

 smoke wes absorbed than would have been predicted froa the values on 

 the packages. In fact, the lack of major differences between the 

 treatment and control groups in this study suggested that most 

 subjects obtained Just as much nicotine from the so-called less- 

 hazardous products as they did from their original brand. For most 

 subjects in these studies, switching to 1o«-y1eld brands did not 

 result in a significant decrease in the amount of smoke absorbed, 

 due primarily to a tendency to increase puff volume and/or depth of 

 Inhalation when such products are smoked." 106 



Family Physician ; 



"However, the advertised claim that the so-called low-nicotine 

 cigarettes have less tar and nicotine than higher-yield brands is 

 not v«11d... nicotine concentration in cigarettes is inversely 

 (ital) correlated with the concentration measured by ' smok 1 ng 

 machines' and govemaent testing... studies have shown that on 

 switching to a lower-nicotine brand, smokers will change their 

 smoking behavior, altering the number of cigarettes smoked per day, 

 the depth of inhalation, and the amount of tobacco left in the 

 butt." ^0^ 



2. Additives 



