456 



469 



0.03] at the 5-min sample point (the only time point 

 for the Test cigarette where the change in plasma-nico- 

 tine concentration was significantly different from zero). 

 Smcking the Control cigarette resulted in an average 

 increase in plasma nicotine concentration at the S-min 

 sample point of 26.42 ng/ml [/(4) = 2.94, P<0.05]. When 

 subjects smoked the Control cigarette, the rise in their 

 plasma nicotine concentrations was significantly differ- 

 ent from zero at the 3-, 5- and 8-min sample points. 

 As expected, sham-smoking the unlit Test cigarette had 

 no effect on plasma nicotine concentrations. 



No significant change from baseline in plasma cotin- 

 ine concentration was seen at any sampling point for 

 either cigarette tested. Average baseline cotmine concen- 

 tration (42.3-1-/ -30.9 ng/ml) confirmed that the five 

 subjects had complied with the 48-h tobacco-use restric- 

 tions prior to the test. 



Puffing and breathing patterns 



The puff-profile data are summarized in Table 2. No 

 statistically significant differences were seen in the puff- 

 ing patterns of these five subjects between the Test and 

 Control cigarettes. In fact, the number of puffs taken, 

 along with the average puff volume, average "fre- 

 quency" (time from the start of one puff to the start 

 of the next puff), and puff duration were remarkably 

 similar for the two cigarettes. In addition, the total puff 

 volumes drawn through the cigarettes and the time alight 

 (total smoking time from lighting to the end of the last 

 puff) did not differ between the two cigarettes. 



Table 3 summarizes the breathing data collected dur- 

 ing smoking. Only breaths immediately following a puff 

 on the cigarette, and therefore categonzed as "smoke- 

 containmg" breaths, were included for analysis. The 

 only statistically significant difference seen in any of the 



Table 2. Puff-profile data : mean (standard error) 



Parameter 



Tesl 



Conirol 



Number of puffs 

 Volume (ml) 

 "Frequency" (s) 

 Duration (s) 

 Total volume (ml) 

 Time alight (s) 



12.8(1.5) 



51.0(3.7) 



21 4(3.6) 



2.33(0.17) 



633 5(43.8) 



255.5 (22.4) 



13.6(1.5) 



52.0 (5.2) 



23.1(3.3) 



2.21 (0.19) 



677.9 (22.7) 



298 6(21.6) 



Table 3. Breathing data : mean (standard error) 



Parameter 



Tesl 



Control 



breathing parameters measured was for expiratory time. 

 Subjects took significantly longer to expire the smoke 

 inhaled from the Test cigarette than from the Control 

 cigarette. The practical significance of this finding is not 

 immediately known. 



Despite the differences in tobacco and smoke nicotine 

 for these two cigarettes, the puffing and breathing pat- 

 terns of the subjects did not differentiate the Test and 

 Control cigarettes. These puffing and breathing patterns, 

 coupled with the CO exposure measures (see below) indi- 

 cate that the subjects (as a group) were exposed to simi- 

 lar amounts of smoke and therefore similar amounts 

 of particulate matter when smoking either cigarette. 



EEG 



For each 30-s EEG recording, as many artifact-free 2-s 

 segments as were available were submitted to a Fast 

 Founer Transform (Manning window) to generate a 

 magnitude spectrum (EEG activity in microvolts as a 

 function of frequency). Average magnitude (microvolts) 

 in each of the traditional EEG frequency bands of delta 

 (l^Hz), theta (5-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), betal (13- 



RECOROINO -BLOCK- 



•/'<0 05 



Data are for "smoke-coniaining" breaths only 



o.soo 



1 2 J 4 s a 7 8 



RECOROfNC -BLOCK- 



Fig. 3. A Average delta magnitude as a function of lesl conditions 

 Neither sham-smoking or smoking Ihe Tesl cigarette afTecied della 

 magnitude Smoking the Control cigarelle resulted in a significanl 

 decrease in della magniiude. an effecl associated wiih conical 

 arousal. B Average bela2 magnitude as a function of lest condi- 

 tions. Again, neither sham smoking or smoking the Test cigarette 

 affected beia2 magnitude Smoking the Control cigarette resulted 

 in a significant increase in bela2 magnitude, an effect associated 

 with anxiety relief 



