457 



470 



18 Hz), and beia2 (19-28 Hz) was computed and ANO- 

 VA performed for each band. Results indicated signifi- 

 cant effects on EEG magnitude in the low-frequency 

 delta and high-frequency beta2 bands. [For delta, main 

 effect of blocks f{l,2i) = 4.16. ?< 0.025; for beta2, main 

 effect of blocks 51(7,28) = 6.85. />< 0.0034]. Post-hoc test- 

 ing indicated that smoking the Control cigarette signifi- 

 cantly increased beta2 magnitude (an effect associated 

 with anxiety relief; Pritchard 1991), and attenuated delta 

 magnitude (an effect indicative of arousal of the brain; 

 Pritchard 1991). Sham-smoking the unlit cigarette or 

 smoking the Test cigarette did not significantly affect 

 the EEG. These data are presented in Fig. 3. 



Heart rate 



Average HR in absolute BPM across the experiment is 

 displayed in Fig. 4 A (in the figure, sessions 1 and 2, 

 4 and 5, and 7 and 8 have been averaged together). 

 ANOVA indicated that HR changed significantly across 

 the expenment [F\A.\6) = 40.32, /'<0.0001]. Post-hoc 

 testing showed a significant increase in HR following 

 smoking of the Control cigarette. TTie apparent slight 

 increase in HR seen following smoking the Test cigarette 

 was marginally significant {P = O.OZ). Since HR vanes 

 quite a bit among individuals, it is common to report 

 HR effects in terms of percent change. Average percent 



TIME (UIN) " 



Fig. 4. A Average HR in beats per minute as funciion of lest condi- 

 tions. Sham-smoking did not afTecl HR B Average percent change 

 in HR as a function of test conditions (percent change in HR 

 controls for inter-subjeci differences in baseline HR) 



change in HR across the experiment is illustrated in 

 Fig. 4B. ANOVA indicated that percent change in HR 

 varied significantly across the expenment [f(3.12) = 

 64.57. />< 0.0001]. Post-hoc testing indicated that smok- 

 ing both the Test and Control cigarettes produced signif- 

 icant percent changes in HR, with the Control producing 

 a significantly greater change than the Test cigarette. 



Carbon monoxide 



Smoking either the Test cigarette or the Control cigarette 

 resulted in similar increases over baseline in expired-air 

 CO and whole-blood levels of %COHb. These data are 

 presented graphically in Fig. 5 and indicate, along with 

 the pufTmg and breathing data (see above) that the sub- 

 jects were exposed to similar amounts of mainstream 

 smoke and therefore may be assumed to have absorbed 

 similar amounts of particulate components when smok- 



TEST CONTROL 



PBE n POST SMOKING 

 9MNP0STUGKTMC 



TEST 



PSE « POST SMOKING 

 SyMPOSTUEMT-MG 



CONTROL 



Fig. S. A Average espired-air CO. pre- and posl-smoking. Smoking 

 either cigarette resulted in a significant increase over baseline m 

 expired-air CO levels. These increases were of similar magnitude 

 for the two cigarettes and were not statistically different. B Average 

 %COHb blood levels, pre- and post-smoking. Smoking the Test 

 agarette resulted in an average increase in %COHb of 1.0V«. 

 Smoking the Control agarette resulted in an average increase of 

 0.9%. The baseline value of 1 8Vo for the Test is lower than the 

 2.5% baseline for the Control because the subjects were 48 h smok- 

 ing depnved at the start of the session The baseline value for 

 the Control agarette was obtained 10-12 mm after smoking the 

 Test cigarette, accounting for the higher pre-smoking baseline for 

 the Control 



