480 



Appendix 

 Some Patents on Nicotine and Tobacco Extract in Cigarettes 



The following patents illustrate many of the ways cigarette 

 manufacturers can manipulate and control the nicotine contents 

 and deliveries of their products. 



The compilation is illustrative, not exhaustive. 



In addition to demonstrating the options for nicotine 

 manipulation available to cigarette design engineers, four of the 

 patents are especially informative in revealing the way the 

 companies regard nicotine. These four are identified by a * and 

 have been included in full with the materials provided to the 

 Subcommittee . 



Desirable chemical alterations of nicotine 



Imperial Tobacco Group, Ltd. Pat. 3,861,400, 1975. 



Salts of nicotine are added to tobacco blends to boost 

 nicotine delivery without increasing "tar". The particular 

 salts used are nicotine pectinate and nicotine alginate. 



The patent notes, "Nicotine in the smoke is thought to 

 contribute substantially to the satisfaction traditionally 

 associated with smoking and it is undesirable to remove it." 



B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken GmbH. Pat. 4,641,667, 1987. 



The patent describes the preparation of the trans isomer of 

 nicotine N' -oxide and the use of this material as an 

 additive to tobacco blends, to cigarette paper, and to 

 tobacco prior to a puffing process. Nicotine N' -oxide is 

 converted to nicotine during the smoking of a cigarette, and 

 the patent makes clear that this additive is intended to 

 function as a precursor for nicotine. 



The patent describes the separation of the trans isomer from 

 the cis isomer of nicotine N' -oxide, a separation that makes 

 it practical to use this additive since the cis isomer 

 contributes an off taste to the finished product. 



The trans-nicotine N' -oxide additive boosts the nicotine 

 delivery of cigarettes made with this additive without 

 increasing the "tar" component of the smoke. 



The company is a subsidiary of the company that also owns 

 Brown & Williamson in the U. S. 



