501 



"There is ample evidence that the blood nicotine levels of smokeless 

 tobacco users were as high as or even higher than those found in many 

 cigarette smokers. Its continued use therefore, does cause addiction 

 and dependence in humans." 



World Health Organization Soiukcless Tobacco Control. Repon of n WHO 

 Study Group, World Health Organization Tecbnical Report Series 777. 

 Geneva 1988 



Since Dicotine levels in the body resulting from smokeless tobacco use are 

 similar in magnitude to nicotine levels from cigarette smoking it is 

 concluded that smokeless tobacco can be addictive." 



U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, The Health Consequences 

 of Uking Smokeless Tobacco, A Report of the Advisory Committee to the 

 Surgeon General, U.S. Depanment of Health and Human Services. Public 

 Health Service, NTH Publication No.86-2K74, April 1986C 



IV. Oral Snuff Manufacturers Have Conducted Research on the Pharmacological Effects 

 of Nicotine on Humans and Have Knowledge That Nicotine Can Produce Dependence 



Evidence submitted in the Marscc vs. U.S. Tobacco Company (UST) Court Case show 

 that UST conducted extensive research on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of nicotine 

 delivered from cigarettes and oral snuff among naive and habitual tobacco users. The study 

 entitled "Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine in Major Metabolites in Naive and Habimal Snuff Takers" 

 measured nicotine bioavailability from snuff and compared it to that from cigarettes. The 

 summary of that smdy is appended (see appendix B). There is only one rea-son that this type of 

 research would be conducted and that is to undersund how the drug nicotine delivered from oral 

 snuff effects llie structure and ftinciion of the human user as compared to cigarette smokers and 

 in mm assist UST in creating and maintaining dependence on their products among consumers. 



Other evidence submitted to the Court included a statement of Mr. P.E. LindquisL UST 

 Sr. Vice President, from document (No. 1027818-24) read by Plaintiffs attorney George 

 Bnily. 



" Taste and strength (nicotine) should be medium, recognizing the fact that routinely 

 all tobacco usage is based upon the nicotine ('the kick') satisfaction" 



Marsee vs. UST, Vol. 4, pg 113 

 P.E.L4ndqui$t, Sr.Vi>.. U.S.Tobacco June 5, 1981 

 Court Document No. 1027818-24 

 Statement by Mr. Braly 



