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primarily on the single type of tobacco it contained -- Turkish tobacco was used in premium 

 cigarettes and domestic air-cured or flue-cured tobacco was used in less expensive cigarettes. 

 The first American blend cigarette, which combined both Turkish and domestic tobacco, was 

 Reynolds Tobacco's Camel brand, introduced in 1913. Although slightly different blends 

 and different materials were used in cigarette manufacturing, cigarettes remained largely 

 unchanged until the early 1950s. 



At that time, most cigarettes produced in the United States were made from flue- 

 cured, burley and Turkish tobaccos. They were 70 mm long and unfiltered. When smoked, 

 these cigarettes yielded an average of 40 mg of "tar" and 2.8 mg of nicotine by methods 

 comparable to those used by the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (The 

 FTC methods became official in 1969). 



A number of watershed developments in the early 1950s led to another evolution in 

 cigarette design. Several epidemiologic studies published during the early 1950s reported 

 that there was a statistical association between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Also, in 

 1953, Dr. Ernst Wynder and others published the results of a mouse skin painting 

 experiment in which the researchers observed skin tumors on the backs of mice exposed to 

 cigarette smoke condensate. All these studies were widely publicized in the general 



media and the media coverage affected consumer demand. Reynolds Tobacco in turn has 

 made extensive efforts to respond to these scientific theories and demands and the tastes 

 of its consumers to produce a broad array of products. 



Since the 1950s, Reynolds Tobacco, among many other lines of research, has pursued 

 two basic lines of research and development in this area: (i) identification of individual 



