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General moved the goalposts after he located the ball on the field. We categorically reject 

 the claim that cigarettes are "addictive", and we know that an objective review of the facts 

 and science supports our position. 



Dr. Kessler defined "addiction" in terms of four elements: 



• compulsive use 



• psychoactive effect 



• reinforcing behavior 



• withdrawal symptoms 



When each of these elements is carefully analyzed in an unbiased manner, it becomes clear 

 that cigarette smoking is no more "addictive" than coffee, tea or Twinkies.'^ Further, in 

 spite of the efforts to expand the definition, it still does not properly encompass cigarette 

 smoking. 



1. Compulsive use . This concept of compulsive use, like the definition of 

 "addiction" itself, has undergone a redefinition in an attempt to encompass cigarette 

 smoking. The classic definition of "addiction", as used in the 1964 Surgeon General's 

 Report, properly defines compulsive use seen with hard drug addiction as "an overpowering 

 desire or need (compulsion) to continue taking the drug and obtain it by any means." This 

 is precisely what is seen with truly "addicting" substances like cocaine and heroin. The 



'^ Using similarly vague definitions, researchers claim to have discovered addiction to 

 love, jogging, television, credit cards and even eating carrots. See , e. g. . Peele, S., 

 Lx)ve and Addictio n. 1976; Hailey aTnd Bailey, "Negative Addiction in Runners," 

 (1979); Winn, M.. The Plug In Dru g (1977): Parade Magazine . April 5, 1987, p. 28; 

 Wright, M.R., "Surgical Addiction: A Complication of Modern Surgery?" Archives 

 of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery . 112: 870-872 (1986); Cerny and Cerny, 

 "Can Carrots Be .Addictive? An Extraordinary Form of Drug Dependence," Br. J. 

 Add. 87:1195 (1992). 



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