639 



: nceesive amounts of nicotine polacrilex gum. Tolerance 

 effects develops rapidly. 



exposure in long-term tobacco users is substantial, 

 many organ systems (Chapters II and III). Pharmaco- 

 ld§)c actions of nicotine may contribute to the pathogenesis of 

 ■Doking-related diseases, although direct causation has not yet 

 .bten determined. Of particular concern are cardiovascular 

 », complications of hypertension, reproductive disorders, 

 cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders, including peptic ulcer 

 djbease and gastroesophageal reflux. 

 ' 4. The risks of short-term nicotine replacement therapy as an aid 

 to smoking cessation in healthy people are acceptable and 

 substantially outweighed by the risks of cigarette smoking. 





17 



