664 



Government for over 10 years. We have fully cooperated with the 

 Department of Health and Human Services. 



A prior chairman of this company testified before Congress in 

 1964 and offered our ingredient list to Congress 30 years ago this 

 year. We've not been trying to hide anything. We've been fully co- 

 operative on this. We've been highly responsible in having not only 

 each of those ingredients analyzed, but analyzed in totality, ana- 

 lyzed in totality by independent toxicologists. 



Mr. McMillan. On the subject of the chart, Mr. Campbell, that 

 was subsequently discussed with respect to the testimony of Dr. 

 Kessler and relative content of tar and nicotine, isn't it true over 

 that period of time that we also went through a transition in pro- 

 duction of cigarettes, trying to conform to consumer preference, and 

 that probably embraces the introduction and growth of filter-tipped 

 cigarettes and the decline of non -filter-tipped cigarettes? 



How does that enter into the equation? 



Mr. Campbell. There's been a number of things put up to show 

 that the overall levels of tar and nicotine over the last 40 years 

 have dropped in the neighborhood of 60 percent. Dr. Kessler main- 

 tained that that had stopped after 1982 and that somehow the nic- 

 otine level was going up. 



Well, Mr. Johnston's charts actually, once Dr. Kessler's data was 

 available to us and they could break it down, shows that the tar 

 and nicotine has admittedly slowed down in terms of its average 

 consumption, but it's still going down and nicotine and tar are 

 going down together, as they always have. 



Mr. McMillan. The introduction of filter-tipped cigarettes came 

 about for what reason? 



Mr. Campbell. I think that the introduction of filter-tipped ciga- 

 rettes was in about 1953 or 1954 and I think that what happened 

 was that the consumers expressed that they wanted a better way 

 to smoke and consumers were expressing an interest in, at that 

 time, more mildness. But it has since become an interest in tar and 

 nicotine and we've responded. 



Mr. James Johnston. And, Mr. Congressman, there were public 

 health concerns about tar. There were requests by the public 

 health and scientific communities to reduce tar in cigarettes. It is 

 quite a remarkable result that has been achieved. 



Mr. McMillan. The filter tip, did it not only reduce tar, but also 

 reduce nicotine? 



Mr. James Johnston. Yes. 



Mr. McMillan. Proportionately? 



Mr. James Johnston. Its intent was to reduce tar. By reducing 

 tar, it roughly proportionately brought nicotine down, as well. That 

 wasn't the intent by the manufacturers. In the context of this hear- 

 ing today, however, it is important because of all the allegations 

 that have been made about nicotine. 



I point to one simple thing, which is if we had this Nation of ad- 

 dicts — now, addicts demand increasing dosages of products, of that 

 substance. Heroin users go from 1 shot a day to 2 to 3 to 4. Here 

 is a Nation that has decreased its consumption of nicotine by two- 

 thirds. Common sense says this is not some overwhelming 



Mr. McMillan. But in the filter tip, there is a presumption of 

 removing something that was perceived to be potentially damaging 



