834 



ATTACHMSNT 1 



Oenaral Charaetarittloa* 

 of 13 VoB.IATVS Cigsxvtt* Xa^redlcata froa tbo 19fa li«« 



54-11-5 



■leotis* aulphat* ie en extr«inely toxic compound which is easily 

 abscrbad via all routes of exposure « includiivg tha dermal route. 

 Toxic exposuraa can occur in individuals that procaaa tobacco aa 

 veil as oblldrvn who may eat tobacco products. Symptons of acute 

 exposure include extreme nausea, vomiting, evacuation of bowel and 

 bladder, mental confuaicn, twitching, and oonvulaiono. Repeated 

 exposure to nicotine has induced a wide variety of adverse 

 reproductive effects in animals (reduced offspring weights and 

 incroaaad skaletal dafects, claft palates, and stillbirth rates.) 

 It is the main precursor of suspect oarcinogenio nitrosamine , M- 

 nitroaonornicotlne. The tobacco-specific nitroaamines are tb« only 

 known carcinogens in snuff and may be the agents which causa an 

 Increased risk of oral cancer in snuff dippers. 



75-69-4 



Trichlorofluorovethase ( f luorocarbon 11, rCll) is only slightly 

 toxic when the gaa is acutely inhalad. Exposure to the liquid doaa 

 not result in dermal absorption due to the rapid volatilisation of 

 the product from the skin. The progressive effects induced follow- 

 ing significant acute inhalation can include rapid and irregular 

 respiration, increased activity, tremors, uncoordinated body 

 novements, and loss of consciousness. Repaated lower level expo- 

 sures except those above the OSHA celling value have resulted in 

 cardiac sensitization and resultant deaths in some adranaline 

 challanged dogs . Bf f ects on reproduction or fetal devalopioent were 

 not cited in the litarature reviewed. Chronic ingestion studies 

 did not result in the induction of cancers in FCll axpoeed animals. 



7664-41-7 



Asanonia is a strongly hygroscopic gas of modarata acuta toxicity. 

 The liquid can freeze contacted tissue and result in caustic burns. 

 Demally, it is poorly absorbed. The gas or vapor can also causa 

 irritation and haa the potential to cause caustic burns to contact- 

 ed tissues. Inhalation of ammonia absorbed onto particles such as 

 those found in tobacco smoke may result in deeper penetration of 

 asanonia into the lungs. Inhalation of increasing concentrations can 

 lead to reddenad mucous membranes, lacrimation, coughing, sneezing, 

 and nasal discharge, bronchiolar daxnaya, alveolar oongaation, 

 edema, dyspnea, atelectasis, hemorrhage, and emphysema. Effects on 

 reproduction, fetal development, and carcinogenicity were not cited 

 in tha literatura raviawed. 



*ilOTEi 



Tbaaa eubttancae were Identified by cQnparin9 tha IsgredlentB added durieg tbe 

 manafacture of cl^arettea, at suteltted by the cigarette companlee in 1992, with 

 thoa* in^rediont.* oppvarino en tha FDA's llsl of appsgwd CooC addl^lvea: 

 •Bverythinq Added to food in the United States." Becauae the cigarette Ingradi- 

 eot liata do not provide information on the quantity o£ ingredients per 

 oigaratta. tha feliowin^ information deaoribea general charact.eri«tica of the 

 subatancea. 



