38 



I wanted to ask you about some of the details of your situation. 

 When you were hired in 1980, did you discuss whether you would 

 be able to publish the results of your research at Philip Morris? 



Mr. DeNoble. Yes, I did. And, as with most companies, it clearly 

 depended upon the proprietary position. I do — when I went there 

 it was clear to me that I would not be able to publish everything 

 when I wanted to, but eventually we thought we'd be able to pub- 

 lish everything. So, yes, they were very clear on that. 



Mr. Wyden. Did Philip Morris try to keep your work secret? 



Mr. DeNoble. During the first 2 years of the laboratory's exist- 

 ence, the lab was really quite secretive. The animals would be 

 brought in at night or in very early morning, under a cover so 

 that — people knew that we had animals in the building. They 

 couldn't not know, but they didn't know what we were doing with 

 them. And we weren't permitted to discuss our research at any of 

 the research meetings for the first 2 years or so. 



Mr. Wyden. So the animals were brought in and they were cov- 

 ered up? 



Mr. DeNoble. Yes. That's correct. 



Mr. Wyden. And when the rats had died, were they taken out 

 after hours, and that sort of thing? 



Mr. DeNoble. Usually they were incinerated, yes. 



Mr. Wyden. And nobody was allowed into the laboratory without 

 management's permission? 



Mr. DeNoble. That is correct. 



Mr. Wyden. What would you say if another scientist working in 

 the building asked you about your work? 



Mr. DeNoble. We used to tell them we were just doing some ex- 

 periments in the nicotine analogue program. Everybody knew 

 about the analogue program, but the animal research was not a 

 very well-known commodity. 



Mr. Wyden. Who told you to follow all these secrecy procedures? 



Mr. DeNoble. They were laid out to us by our management 

 when I was hired. 



Mr. Wyden. And that was Mr. Dunn and 



Mr. DeNoble. Dr. Dunn, Dr. Osdene. 



Mr. Wyden. Now, in the fall of 1982, as I understand it, you sub- 

 mitted a manuscript to Philip Morris on the self-administration 

 matter. You wanted permission to publish the paper. We can give 

 you that exhibit. Who reviewed this paper and whether approval 

 was given? 



[Testimony resumes on p. 49.] 



[Exhibit 11 follows:] 



