101 



Mr. Wyden. This article makes it very clear that what Dr. 

 DeNoble and his associate are talking about is not some kind of 

 isolated case. What you are describing according to the Wall Street 

 Journal, not exactly an organ of anti-business kind of thinking, has 

 gone on on a number of occasions. 



So I'm going to take you back to the laboratory, Dr. DeNoble, and 

 I understand that you would be more comfortable there. But I 

 think that the American people need to know that publications like 

 the Wall Street Journal are outlining some specifics, the kinds of 

 things that you've described very clearly today. 



Mr. Waxman. If you'd yield to me because 



Mr. Wyden. I'd be happy to yield. 



Mr. Waxman. Some people may not have read that article, and 

 I would recommend it to people to read it. But that article indi- 

 cated a multi-decade period of effort by the tobacco industry to 

 sponsor research and then to suppress research to make sure that 

 what they knew didn't get out so they could always have that 

 deniability. 



There was not only deniability. They used their research findings 

 to try to make things look as if they were still open questions rath- 

 er than concluded scientific issues. And so I thank the gentleman 

 for, again, raising that article, and I think it's appropriate to have 

 it in the record. 



Mr. Wyden. Dr. DeNoble and Dr. Mele, let's talk about this mat- 

 ter of tolerance for nicotine. My sense is you all understand the 

 science better than we do, of course. Tolerance implies when an 

 animal or a human being gets a diminished effect with repeated 

 doses of a drug, and it's one of the indicators of a potential abuse 

 liability or addiction. 



Now, Dr. Mele, I guess maybe we'll start with you on this. Did 

 your work find that rats developed a tolerance to nicotine? 



Mr. Mele. Yes, we did. 



Mr. Wyden. Now, we've got a manuscript that you wrote with 

 Dr. DeNoble entitled. Development of Behavioral Tolerance Follow- 

 ing Chronic Nicotine Administration. 



Mr. Chairman, I would ask that this be entered into the record 

 as well. 



Mr. Waxman. Without objection, that will be the order. 



[Testimony resumes on p. 123.] 



[The paper follows:] 



