408 



Hon. Henry A. Waxman -6- September 27, 1994 



search that is now believed to further scientific under- 

 standing of the effects of tobacco use on health. Dr. Bena- 

 ceraff conducted pioneering research into the humoral immu- 

 nological response of the host when presented, attacked or 

 invaded by cancerous growths. His work has provided impor- 

 tant insights into how regulatory mechanisms may operate in 

 defense of the host organism. Dr. Cohen studied cell growth 

 factors and their role in regulating growth and differentia- 

 tion. His investigation of genetic controls of growth fac- 

 tors opened the door to our understanding of mechanisms by 

 which normal cells become cancerous. Dr. Varmus' pioneering 

 work with oncogenes made important contributions to our 

 overall understanding of how healthy cells become trans- 

 formed into cells that can no longer control their growth 

 and therefore become cancerous. 



Information sent to grant applicants (Tr. at p. 

 65) . Item D in the Appendix is a copy of a form letter, 

 with attachments, that is provided by the Council to suc- 

 cessful grant applicants. One of these attachments, "Impor- 

 tant Procedural Information for Grantees," refers specifi- 

 cally to publications by grantees. Item E in the Appendix 

 is the Council's statement of Policy, which is sent to all 

 grant applicants. The Statement of Policy makes it clear 

 that the Council expects grantees to report their findings 

 in medical and scientific journals, and requests that any 

 publications acknowledge the Council's support. 



Our Statement of Policy also says, in very clear 

 terms: "The Council desires to have scientists work with 

 the greatest freedom, without domination of any kind. It 

 will make no attempt to direct the administration of a 

 project once started, to influence its course or to control 

 its results . . . ." That is the Council's fundamental 

 policy: to give complete scientific freedom to its 

 grantees, and to let the chips fall where they may. 



List of Council Special Projects fTr. at pp. 47. 

 iMi- As I explained in my testimony. Council Special 

 Projects were research projects that the Council's sponsors 

 wished to fund. Tr. at 46. These research projects were 

 funded by the sponsors, and were administered by the Coun- 

 cil, separately from the grant-in-aid program. 



We have prepared a list of all Council Special 

 Projects for which the Council has a file. That list in- 



