556 



References 



1. ■(}>€ Heatb\ Be>efiu of Snvhng i 



U.S. pqxrancBi d Health and Ht^aa 

 Service*, PuNjc HeaJO> Servioe. Canxn far 

 I>seaK Contral. Center fei Qimuc »»■ 

 ease Prewnuon ind Health P r uiii u oun, Of- 

 fice 00 Smotant ux) Hearth. DHHS P\**- 

 caooa No. (CDC) 9M416. 19W. 



Z Re3n& R. When we Band. Phiip h4crm 

 Sfagaarx. SeptemberOciobeT 19%; 39. 



3. Wartier KE. Seibig «mo*e qgo/rne arfwo^ 

 asBtg and public heahK Washington, DC 



Aoiertcaii Pobtic Hc^di A mocmUm. I«K. 



4. RIR orderad by FTC lo ihow caaK ■ Mr. 

 FTT aac. Utaicy's tiagaatm irpan: To- 

 bocax A(ri l«9-. 4(4):7-(. 



5. OwteyG.Scieaoeandihecigarenr.\^i>«- 

 MC*. Aprt 1. 1968: 66-67. 



6. 1989 Report of the Council for Tobacco 

 Resean^—U.S^. Inc. New Yoft. The 

 Cowed (or Tobacco Reaearci)— IJSA lie 

 19n. 



7. Reducing J** Health ConiequeiKa of 

 Smoking: 25 Ytarz of Progrea. A Report of 

 die Surgeon General U.S. Deparmeni al 



Hakh and Huran Servoa. Pobic Hedtt 

 Service, CeMen far Doeaae CobboL Ce». 

 tcr for Chnmc Dtteaac frrveotioe aid 

 HeaAk Pr u i KHr j n . Office as Smobr^ ari 

 He^dk, DHHS PuUkatn No. (OX:) » 

 8411, January 1«9. 



Dilfanan DA. MoJ onrf TekphoiK Sirvryi: 

 Vte Design Method. New Yort John Wiey 

 & Sonslnc 1?7«. 



Schuta JM. Smotdni-anjixaable nwn^iiy 

 and yean al poicotiaJ bie Ion— UiMed 

 Stale*, 1«8- AftWR. 1991; 40(4)*:-7]. 



Gun-Related Deaths Increase Further for Black and White Young Men 



The Departmeni of Heahh and Human Sovices (HHS) 

 reported today thai one otil of 6ve deaths of teas and yotmg 

 adults in 1988 was gtm related. Amcog ytxoig Bbdc males, 

 dose CO half a( aD deaths were l i i e^ui related. 



Researcten st HHS' Naticnal Center for Heahh Statis- 

 tics said the firearm- related death rate amoog Blade aod White 

 males aged 15 to 24 years had rtrrlmrri is the eariy ISHh, but 

 then rapidly nxjeased frooi 19S4 to 1988, espedaDy Cor teat- 

 agers and partioitarly among Blade males. Between 1984 and 

 1 988, the firearm death rate among teenagers increased by over 

 40%, rising 20% fttxn 1987 to 1988 alooe. and reaching its 

 highest level (o dale, 17.7 deaths per 100,000. 



"This study shows that (or the first time, the firearm death 

 rates for both White aixj Black male teenagers exc ei r d r d the 

 mortality frcxn all lutural causes of death," said HHS Secre- 

 tary Louis W. Sullrvan, MD. "For young Bladt inales id par- 

 ticular, the excessive firearm and homicide death rales are 

 appaQing and hean-reixling. 



For Bladt males aged LS to 19 yeais, the firearm death rale 

 and fbearm boobcide rale iDOre than doubted from 1964 lo 



1988, with an increase of 38% from 1987 to 1988 akne. By 

 contrast, ibe n o i ifiiejmi homicide rale remained rdativejy sta- 

 ble. Black male teenagers woe almost three liines as likely to 

 die Ercn gui>-related deaths than fitxn aO natmi catises al 

 death. For White males 15 lo 19 years, the fiream death rate 

 in 1988 for the first time r \i:e e iin^ that of natural causes, by 

 11%. 



HHS Assistant Secretary for Health James 0. Mason. 

 MD, who beads the US Public Heahh Service, said, "The 

 statistics show an American epidemic — without parallel in any 

 other industrialized oaticDof the Oi^itld. PbysiciaB and odier 

 dtizens need to work together to devise the same bixls of 

 educabonal and prevcntioo techniques that we ise to attack 

 other epademics." 



The findings are cmtaiDed in a study, "Fi ream i Mortality 

 Among Oddren, Youth and Young Aduhs, 19'»-19e8,'' prty 

 duced by NOS, a port of the Centers for Disease ControL 

 The study ezammcs homicide, suicide, aixl uninteatioQal fire- 

 arm deaths among those aged 1 to 34]«ais. 



896 Amencas Journal of Public Health 



Jidy 1991, Vol n. No. 7 



