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tuguese patent, and these are some of the characteristics in Y-1, 

 that patent stresses that the significant aspect of Y-1 is in fact its 

 high nicotine content and the ability to grow that plant 

 agronomically. That is the major characteristic of Y-1. 



The other issue with regard to Y-1 was and I had to learn some 

 plant breeding, Congressman, was I had to learn about cytoplasmic 

 male sterility which was one of the things that DNA Plant Tech- 

 nology was asked to do for Y-1. 



You undertake cytoplasmic mail sterility for a number of rea- 

 sons, but as we understand it, CMS, as it is called, is undertaken 

 when you have a seed of value, for example, that you don't want 

 others to be able to use. If I just hand you a seed, then you can 

 go and propagate it, but if in fact the seed is male sterile, then you 

 can't grow further generations without my giving you more seeds. 

 It is a form of protection of commercial protection. It is probably 

 as good as a patent or it may in fact be better than a patent. So 

 the other characteristic of Y-1 was in fact the pollen free Y-1 that 

 is stated and talked about in the patent. 



Mr. Kreidler. Very good. Thank you very much. Dr. Kessler, I 

 wish you well in your endeavors. 



Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



Mr. Waxman. Thank you, Mr. Kreidler. 



Mr. McMillan. 



Mr. McMillan. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



I don't think that it does much good to go back and retroactively 

 browbeat people for this or that, what they knew and when they 

 knew it. I think that most of us in our lifetime have been aware 

 of the potentially harmful effects of smoking, drinking, abusing al- 

 cohol or tobacco or other products for that matter. And we certainly 

 know a lot more about tobacco today than we did when I was a kid. 

 I don't know that we know much more about alcohol. We certainly 

 don't focus on it to the degree that we are focusing on tobacco here 

 today, and I think that is an important thing for us to focus on. 



Dr. Kessler, you have talked about the regulation of alcohol as 

 that it was some paradigm that we should follow with respect to 

 tobacco. What is it we do regulate about alcohol and do you have 

 anything to do with it? 



Mr. Kessler. Yes, we do. We share that regulation with BATF. 



Mr. McMillan. What specifically is it? 



Mr. Kessler. What we deal with is both adulteration and mis- 

 branding. There are both of those provisions. We deal with adulter- 

 ation of alcohol. We also 



Mr. McMillan. Would you explain that, please? 



Mr. Kessler. Any additives or any compounds that are added. 



Mr. McMillan. Isn't most alcohol? It is not pure alcohol, like no 

 cigarette is pure nicotine. It includes a number of ingredients and 

 a lot of different products that include alcohol. 



Mr. Kessler. We regulate the adulteration of alcohol, compounds 

 may render the product adulterated. We also, in our agreement 

 with BATF, I believe it is below 7 percent, we regulate the labeling. 

 They regulate the labeling of 



Mr. McMillan. Would you say that most alcohol products or 

 many of them manipulate the alcohol content in that final product? 



