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habits are profound. To include cigarette smokers in the group of drug addicts is a 

 dishonest or ignorant mischaracterization of smoking behavior. 



Both groups are nevertheless responsible for their behaviors. Addicts are 

 not a!v\^ays intoxicated. Especially during periods of nonintoxication, they are 

 capable of making the choice to bring their addiction under control. Persons with 

 habits are always able to choose to change their behavior and successfully carry 

 out their decision without extraordinary intervention and life-long treatment. The 

 message which has been consistently presented as the underlying rationale for 

 regulation is that smokers become helpless addicted victims, the majority of whom 

 cannot quit. This is flatly, patently wrong. At this time more people in America 

 have quit smoking than are currently smoking and 90% to 95% of those people 

 quit without medical intervention. 



The 40 additional research reports I reviewed took a wide range of 

 approaches to the study of smoking behavior and nicotine. Two of the largest 

 projects, which were termed Project LIBRA and Project WHEAT, examined smoking 

 motivation and behavior using questionnaires addressing many different 

 psychological factors in smoking, including smokers' attitudes about anti-smoking 

 information, their attitudes and behavior with respect to the issue of whether to 

 quit or to continue smoking and their reasons for smoking. Other research 

 examined chemical analytic studies of nicotine as well as how nicotine might _^, 

 influence certain physiological functions. Much of this was basic pharmacological 

 measurement of cardiovascular and metabolic responses to nicotine; possible 

 effects of the central nervous system were also examined. 



Regarding the dispute about nicotine being addictive, I have several opinions 

 regarding these specific papers: , First, the scientific research reports reflect areas 

 of study which were simultaneously being addressed and reported in the broadnr 

 scientific literature. The papers did not reveal hidden proof of nicotine being 

 addicting. Most of these studies replicated data that had already been published 

 elsewhere. Second, the research did not address whether or not smoking or 



