273 



-2- 



INTROBOCtlON 



Wlca^a* i« an extreaely blolo|tc«lly «ctlv> eo«tx>m>d C4p«blt •t 



ellcltlRy«Tifi 



re 



i8t» of pturtt«£ologtc«l, bloche«le«l and phytiolotlcAl 



tpontei / i^ivo ( I, 2, 3). Ourlnj •aoklog It 1< rapidly and alaoct 



quantltatlvely'^sorb^d by lung Clctue fro« the particulate phase af 



0- _ 

 whole cigarette smo4(« befer* entering the blood ctreaa (4). 



In aoae Instances, Ihe pharmac ological response of em okora to nicotin e 



is believed to be respoosl'bl* for an Indivi dual's taoVlng behaviour , 



providing the moctva tloo for arwl'the degree of satisfaction requir ed by 

 '"y the snoker (S, 6). ■•/^;^ 



' ^ There are numerous reports in the" iKeratura Indicating a direct or 

 iDdlrwOf relationship between nicotine and £^-rang« of in vivo psycbologlcal, 

 blochealcA and physiological responses. -p 



Dm (rln^le blochealcal and physiological tuicts 4ir*ccly 



attributable to orl^clne are changes In haeaodyoSJ^cs, platelet function, 



A'. 



vascular tone and hen<c blood pressure changes, increased cardiac evtput, 



increased •etaboll* Tate,0^banges in the whole body Inter-relationsUt K 

 between lipid and glueosa ■er«^ls«. Some of these effects, not 

 surprisingly, have been iHpllcated^ln the etiology of a number of cardiac 

 and vascular diseases (7, 8). ^ 



A large proportion of the biochcmical^ind physiological effecu can 



'/i . 



be either directly or indirectly related to cKip^es in the blood levels 



^*- 



of adrenalin (epinephrine) and noradrenalia (norep^aephrine) folloviag 



nicotine adnlnlstration (7, 8). The changes in adrenal hornone levels in 



■-'^ 

 response to nicotine result froa the direct action of nico^i^e on tbc ^ 



membrane pcmeability of the gland, causing a sudden and of teifVdraaitlc 



8*'-W2-i004I 



