A Brief History 



of the I. A. A 



{Cont\ nued/rom page 1. col. ^) 

 by-laws wa r adopted and officers Wre 

 elected. Hi rraan Danforth was elected 

 president. End E. T. Robbins, then farm 

 adTiser in Tazewell county, secretary. 

 Ldrle Johns one of McLean county was 

 elected vi :e-president and Howard 

 Leonard of Woodford county, treas.nrer. 

 The dues w !re fixed at «100 a year from 

 fgch count] farm bureau, and even that 

 '^irall amoint was hard to pet. But an 

 or^anizatio \ had been formed that was 

 'Ip^tined l( play a major part in the 

 future hist »ry of Illinois Agriculture 



Slow F*roffres« Duriofl War 



; In 1917 ame America's entrance into 

 the war, a ad for nearly two years II 

 liinois farr ers were too busy growing 

 crops to d ?vote much attention to or- 

 ):pniaation. During these two years J 

 W. Kirkto i of Livingston county wM 

 president )f the Illinois AgricuIturjJ 

 AssocitftTor and Adviser Roy Bishop of 



failed of 



From the standpoint of,-' Illino 

 farmers, the establishment' of small 

 stockyards or livestock «Ales agencies 

 throughout the various districts of the 

 state may eventually work a.Tpes to 

 livestock produc«f^, accordhjif to Wm. 

 E. Hedgcock, I. A. A. djM^Wt <>' Ii> 

 stock marketing. .^^y^- x 



"The re<?ent movexnd^'on the j*b^ of 

 a few^'private ini^estfl to vnpflrurage 

 the vniuilding ■>a*f(l operation t)f loc»} 

 stockyard ^»tea H^enciM --^rill bring 

 about the^tffsabling or wretlclng oMocal 

 co-oper^ve shipping rfssociations and 

 ral decline in our lacge terminal 

 ets and DToducers cetnmission aa- 

 fftciations mxf te exported,*' states Di 

 rector Hye^eock. 



li^fee liyestock^hich.is delivered to 

 jii(e ^ma^' stoe^ards, Mr. Hedgcock 



the same :ounty, secretary. The chief' B»thts,<flit, iy^^rchas^d by local specu 



work of tt e association was legislative 

 A pure-sc' d law which it spon$oced 



passage in 1917, but thp-^ *ft 



■CitoT* amj^orwarded to o;ir large ter- 

 jjjjnal jH^rkets, which is highly possible, 



pioneer wa rk done at that time insu;p«d 

 its passJigc at the next session. <^ 

 • Ihe clos i of the war, which 

 wi'ch it a multitude of pre;>«lng 

 problems, nany of which^^e sMtl un 

 solved, wa i followed bj'^a T0<(ri:^n 

 tion to mi ke it a factor of niajo^^m>- 

 portance i^i Illinois and the natioti o^- 

 ihated wit i W. G. Eckhardt, tfcen^farm 

 adviser in DeKalb county. At 'Oift^ time 

 I had beei for a year a-rtieg>*^r of the 

 executive < ommittee of th§#4issociation — 

 long enoi gh to learo^ that without 

 ample fun Is its usefulness could not be 

 great. I t ilked this matter over many 

 times witl Eckhardt. 

 *Let*s B lild a Real Organixation** 

 . "What we need is a big visipn of 

 what sucl an association can do," he 

 said,"*Ma ce the membership fee <5 a 

 year for eich farm bureau member, hire 

 man that can be found for 

 and build up a real organ!- 



Jras start 

 could not 

 i»e start 

 persisted, 

 Ponvinced 

 Before 



the best 

 secretary 

 xation." 



The idej i of asking for $5 a year from 

 every fan i bureau member in the state 

 ing. I told Eckhardt that it 

 be done and suggested that 

 with one dollar a year. He 

 however, and I was finally 

 "that he was right, 

 the next session of the ex 

 ecutive c immittee I sold the idea to 

 Howard 1 «onard and Lyie Johnstone, 

 their help the entire executive 

 was converted to the plan. 

 The execi tive committee presented this 

 plan to he delegates at. the meeting 

 January 21 — 22. It was warmly defend- 

 ed and jiist as warmly attacked. After 

 two days of discussion, which at times 

 grew so 1 leated as to threaten to bretfk 

 up the meeting, the' new plan was 

 ladopted. 



1^ pers n«l Notes Not Needed 

 vTfcrec lundred farmers signed notes 

 for $100 ;ach in order that the organi- 

 zation m ght launch its new plans at 

 once. Si liberally and quickly did 

 farmers ally to the support of the as- 

 sociation, however, that these notes were 

 never col ected and were later returned 

 to the si] ners. Many of them are now 

 filed awa r among the treasured family 

 possesi>ioi s. 



Harvey Sconce of Vermillion county 

 was elecl ed president of the reorgan- 

 ized assc iation, and J. G. Sailor'of Iro- 

 quois CO inty vice-president. Howard 

 .Leonard ras retained as treasurer. An 

 executive committee of one represent- 

 ative from each congressional district 

 was elec «d and the association was 

 ready foi business. 



The nt w executive committee imme- 

 diately employed" D. 0. Thompson, who 

 had beei doing outstanding work as 

 farm ad nsor in McLean county, as 

 secretary A state-wide membership 

 campaign was launched. 



80»(K Members a Year Later 

 A yeai later when 900 enthusiastic 

 farmers sgain gathered at Peoria tor 

 the annial meeting (Jan. 13-14) the 

 associatic n had 50,000 paid members 

 and its let assets had grown frbm 

 Sl,800 tc $574,000. The meeting was 

 devoted ! trictly to business. The enly 

 set speec i was made by J. R. Howard, 

 president of the newly-organized Amer- 

 ican Far a Bureau Federation. 



Howar I I^eonard was elected president 

 and Z. ] [. Holmes of Peoria county 

 vice-pres flent. Geo. Fox of DeKalb 

 county w as elected as treasurer. 



At the next annual meeting, Jan. 13, 

 i 1921, 10< 1,413 members were reported. 

 ^ During t le year the association hd| en- 

 j gaged he Kvily in cooperative marfeting 

 enterpris *s and had added a number of 

 special r en to its staff to handle this 

 w^rk. cl: ief among them being W. G 

 Eckhardt as director of grain market- 

 ing, H. \ '. Muftiford as director of live- 

 stock mi rkefing, and J. R. Bent as di 

 rector o ' the phosphate-limestone de 

 partmenl. Leonard and Holmes were re- 

 elected. 



The a nnual meeting the following 

 year was held at Springfield, Jan. 11-12. 

 Howard Leeftard was re-elected pres- 

 ident. S. H. Thompson of Adams county 

 replaced Z. M. Holmes as vice-president. 

 Shortly after this meeting D. O 



Warns Against New Movement 



HedflTCOck Tells Farmers That Too 

 Many SmaH Local Stockyards 

 May Kill Co-operative Movemont 



fins that a large number of the 



fivrtners will pay two selling commis 

 ^ons^AWo yardage charges, two feed 

 chaM^s and perhaps an additional 

 fi^ignt cost. Tnis in itself means that 

 fne farmers would receive less for 

 their livestock than they would have 

 *i*ceived if It had gone direct to the 

 larger market. 



Dangar in Lack of Buyers 



"Other problems confronting the 

 farmers who choose to market their 

 livestock through the small stock- 

 yards," Mr. Hedgcock states, "are the 

 scarcity of buyers, an absence of buy- 

 ing competition and the lack of pack- 

 ing facilities at the local yards which 

 will require shipping to distant points 

 for slaughter. On the small yards 

 there is a danger that only one or two 

 buyers will be represented. 



"The livestock producer must remem- 

 ber that in order to have a good outlet 

 for his product he must have active 

 competitive buyers present at the sale. 

 He mupt also bear in mind that if the 

 co-operative commission companies have 

 a large bulk of the livestock in their 

 control they will be in a better position 

 to deal with the buyers than they 

 would have if the livestock is in the 

 control of a lar^e number of small com- 

 mission companies.'* 



The price to the farmer, it is pointed 

 out, depends upon the ratio of buyers 

 to sellers. Under the local stockyards 

 movement, Mr. Hedgcock believes, the 

 farmers in the community will be at 

 the mercy of so few buyers that their 

 returns for livestock will be decidedly 

 reduced. 



Thompson resigned as secretary and 

 (leorge Fox was hired to take his place, 

 which position he has held since. R. A. 

 Cowles of McLean county took Fox's 

 place as treasurer. 



The hard times on the farm which be- 

 gan- during the later part of 1920 had 

 their eflfect on the membership of the 

 Illinois Agricultural association. When 

 the delegates gathered at Chicago for 

 the eighth annual meeting early in Jan- 

 uary, 1923, the membership had shrunk 

 to 70,000. :S. H. Thompson was elected 

 president, which position he has held 

 since. A. O. Eckert of St. Clair county 

 was elected vice-president. 



The ninth annual meeting was held at 

 Galesburg during the third week in 

 January 1924, Mr. Thomp^n was re- 

 elected president and C. B. Watson of 

 DeKalb county was elected vice-pres- 

 ident. The chief features of this meeting 

 were the decision to devote more atten- 

 tion to 'co-operative marketing in view 

 of the lessened efforts of the American 

 Farm Bureau Federation along this 

 time, and refusal to endorse the Mc- 

 N'ary-Haugan bill. This measure was 

 endorsed by the executive committee 

 later in the year, however, after it was 

 better understood. 



At the tenth annual meeting, held at 

 Champaign in January, 1925, Mr. 

 Thompson was elected president for the 

 third time and H. E. Goembel of Henry 

 county was elected vice-president. The 

 treasurer reported assets of over $250,- 

 000. 



Enthusiasm Replace*! by Spirit of 

 Business 

 The Illinois Agricultural Association 

 seems to be now established on a stable 

 basi^. Its membership is far below the 

 high point of 1921, bnt with improving 

 farm conditions there is reason to hope 

 that it will grow. The initial enthusiasm 

 has been replaced by the spirit of a 

 business organization. While the associa- 

 tion has grown more conservative with 

 age, this is a natural development. Ir\ 

 the long run the association may be ex- 

 pected to reflect the wishes of the 

 majority of its membership in the future 

 as it has for the mojt part in the past. 

 As a soundly financed and stable busi- 

 ness organization of farmers the Illinois 

 Agricultural Association has attracted 

 nation-wide attention, and has become 

 an organization that is a constant 

 source of pride to the farmers of IIH- 

 nots. 



1926 Finds Public 



Aware of Problem 



{CorUyrxud from page 1. col. 5) 

 strong feiling that,' after passing the 

 bill, the administration might say, "why, 

 weVe given you farm legislation!" This 

 thought was expressed in resolutions 

 lambasting this bill as "a means of 

 aalving the farmer with information, 

 of whrch farmers never had so much in 

 ti>*ir lives." 



No particular export corporation bills 

 -flow pending in Congress were in- 

 dorsed, but a committee was named to 

 present the export corporation in the 

 simplest form, compatible with effec- 

 tiveness. Frank D. Barton was placed 

 on this committee. Congress was asked 

 to postpone all action on export cor- 

 poration bills until the committee's bill 

 is drafted. 



Specific mention was made in the 

 resolutions "that the agricultural ques- 

 tion is fundamentally economical rather 

 than political," which was a reiteration 

 of the stand taken at the St. Paul con- 

 ference in 1924. 



Westerners Severely Criticize 

 Coolidge 



"We are obliged to differ from the 

 administration," the resolutions read in 

 a particularly vigorous section which 

 followed criticism of the reasoning of 

 President Coolidge before the A. F. 

 B. F. convention, "not only in his 

 statements in Chicago, but also in that 

 portion of his message to Congress 

 which dealt with agriculture. 



"We protest against such a misrepre- 

 sentation of the movement for equality 

 in which the people of the great staple 

 growing empire of America are enlist- 

 ed with all tbeir hearts. 



"We protest against the abrupt dis- 

 missal of a petition in the formulation 

 of which the best intelligence in agri- 

 culture has put in so many years of 

 devoted and sincere study. 



"JVe protest respectfully, but none 

 the less with every ounce of power, 

 that it is incumbent upon anyone who 

 .comes into the agricultural forum to 

 thwart a constructive and practical 

 program to have an equally construc- 

 tive and practical program to suggest 

 in its place. 



Say Tariff Favors Other Classes Most 



"We submit that, in view of the piti- 

 able conditions exisiting among men 

 who have spent a lifetime in hewing a 

 destiny from the soil, anything less is 

 a betrayal of faith. 



"Wherever one turns, except in the 

 price of the great staples of agricul- 

 ture," the resolutions declared in ex- 

 pressing surprise at Coolidge's argu- 

 ments in Chicago, "the influence of the 

 protective tariff is encountered. The 

 farmer, consequently, while himself de- 

 riving almost none of the benefits, 

 bears the burden and shares in ad- 

 verse economic implications of protec- 

 tion to the full. 



Why Not Protect Agriculture, Too? 



"If it was wise on the part of Con- 

 gress to stabilize our banking system 

 through the federal reserve act and Our 

 transportation system through the 

 Esch-Cummins act, then why not in- 

 dulge the same solicitude for the 40,- 

 000,000 people who live upon the farm 

 and whose purchasittg^ower is so vital 

 to our myriad of ihills and factories? 



"Finally we desire to say to Congress 

 on this score thi*- the time has come 

 when it must choose between one of 

 two alternatives — if industry insists 

 that it cannot exist without the tariff, 

 then it must take agriculture in on 

 the deal. And, failing to do this, it 

 should not blame the farmers if they 

 invoke the principles that self-preserv- 

 ation is the first law. 



Coolidge's Tariff Plea Denounced 



"If the existing tariff is such a boon 

 to agriculture then how can the fact 

 be explained that, although this tariff 

 has been in operation for five years, 

 agriculture is at this hour staggering 

 on the brink of complete collapse? 



"With all due respect to the Presi- 

 dent, we desire to say that the farmers 

 of this country know the source of 

 their difficulties — they "know that on the 

 one hand they are carrying the heavy 

 burdens of the protective system and 

 sustaining the generous wage scales of 

 organized labor, while on the other 

 hand they are meeting world competi- 

 tion which industry and labor refuse 

 to meet, and in these premises we de- 

 mand of the sixty-ninth Congress that 

 it enact legislation that will assure the 

 same degree of equality for agriculture 

 that industry and labor have so un- 

 compromisingly demanded and received 

 for themselves. 



Labor and Industry Protected 



"If it is not unsound to fix prices on 

 steel, textiles and other similar com- 

 modities by protective legislation, then 

 why is it unsound to fix them for agri- 

 culture by the same process? If it 

 were not unsound to vouchsafe the 

 Adamson law to organized labor, then 

 why be so horrified : at specific legisla- 

 tion for the natiori's great basic in- 

 dustry? I 



"Already hundreds of thousands of 

 farmers have been sold out by the 

 sheriff, while many thousands of others 



will suffer a similar fate before relief 

 can possibly come. Already more than 

 2,000 rtiral banks have been forced to 

 close their doors, while the shadow ol 

 insolvency is hovering over hundreds of 

 other banks which only a little while 

 ago were the pride of their communi- 

 ties. Therefore let those who by plaus- 

 ible pretext seek • to minimize the 

 wrongs of the farmers pause before it 

 is too late — let them have a care lest 

 their attitude not only assure the final 

 and complete collapse of agriculture 

 but also a condition of affairs which in 

 the not distant future will bring dis- 

 tress to every great industrial center. 



Ridicule Co-op Bill 



"In this connection and with a degree 

 of amusement which shows that, de- 

 spite our tragic condition we still have 

 a sense of humor left, we note that 

 the new measure sponsored by Secre- 

 tary Jardine is to prove a means of 

 salvation to the farmer by supplying 

 him with a new and expert fund of 

 information about the mysteries of co- 

 operative marketing. And in these 

 premises we desire to assure the sec- 

 retary that it is not information that 

 we need, but a fair price. As a matter 

 of fact we have never had so mqch- in- 

 formation in our life — it is &bout all 

 we have left. But we wonder if when 

 the Fordney-McCumber act in Con- 

 gress someone had moved to substitute 

 a bureau of information, whether this 

 would have been satisfactory to indus- 

 trial New England? Als^ we wonder 

 whether organized labor would have 

 been content with mere informatidn in 

 lieu of the Adamson law? 



"This meeting desires to take cog- 

 nizance of the enheartening actipn of 

 the legislatures of 12 western «tates 

 (including Illinois) which have lent the 

 strength of their indorsement to the 

 demand of a method of making the 

 tariff effective for agriculture. 



CommeDd GoTemor's Action 



"We commend the governor of South 

 Dakota in calling a conference of the 

 midwest governors, which has resulted 

 in the unqualified adherence to the 

 proposition that the protective system 

 should be extended to include the crops 

 of agriculture of which we produce a 

 surplus if the protective tariff i» to be 

 retained for industry. The voice of 

 these men is the voice of the great 

 agricultural region for which they 

 speak. We consider that such a pro- 

 nouncement cannot be ignored." 



News of the Des Moines meeting evi- 

 dently traveled fast. The following 

 statement was issued at Washington by 

 Secretary Jardine for publication Dec. 

 23: 



Jardine Announces Consideration 

 of Surplus 



"Now that the plan to aid co-opera- 

 tive organizations has been placed be- 

 fore Congress, I feel that further and 

 more definite attention can be directed 

 to the agricultural surplus problem. 



"During the past several weeks, I 

 have had under consideration with co- 

 operative marketing organizations a 

 plan for aiding and assisting coopera- 

 tive effort. A bill embodying this plan 

 and carrying practically the unanimous 

 endorsement of the entire co-operative 

 movement in this country has been in- 

 troduced in both branches 'of Congress. 

 This plan, as I have oftentimes stated, 

 should stand upon its own merit and 

 not be confused or considered in con- 

 nection with other agricultural meas- 

 ures. 



"Discussing agricultural surpluses in 

 my Annual Report released on Decem- 

 ber 7, I laid down certain broad prin- 

 ciples which in my opinion, constitute 

 the basis of any plan for the solution 

 of this perplexing problem now facing 

 American agriculture. Dealing broadly 

 with the subject I stated that it "is 

 one of the major economic problems of 

 the nation. It does seem essential that 

 this issue should receive broad recog- 

 nition as a problem of national im- 

 portance and, second, that public agen- 

 cies should ^ake every proper effort 

 to co-operate in sound workable pro- 

 grams looking to its solution." I am 

 opposed, as stated in my report, to any 

 plan of government price-fixing or the 

 handling of farm products by govern- 

 ment agencies or officials. On the other 

 hand, I said that "farmers through 

 their organizations have a most power- 

 ful instrument to control the movement 

 of surpluses into consumptive chan- 

 nels." 



Surplus Remedies Coming to 

 Common Ground 



Again referring to my annual re- 

 port, I stated that "the discussion of 

 the problem of surpluses^ is entering 

 more and more upon common ground 

 and I look forward to an agreement 

 upon the principles of a solution along 

 the broad lines here suggested." I be- 

 lieve that, as things stand today, the 

 most effective machinery in sight exists 

 in the co-operative marketing move- 

 ment. Any sound plan directed to the 

 surplus question will be practically 

 certain, in my judgment, to recognize 

 the co-operative movement and carry 

 the approval of cooperative leaders. 

 Refers to Lowden Plan 



"A number of plans have heen pro- 

 posed which warrant thoifghtful atten- 



Woman Judged Best Feeder 



Farm Bureau Tour Shows Mrs. 

 Virgie Mathews Is Best Lamb 

 Feeder in Montgomery County* 



The best lansb feeder in Montgom- 

 ery county is a woman — Mrs. Virgie 

 Mathews. That was the consensus of 

 opinion of the county's Iamb feeders 

 following a tour of the flocks on Dec. 

 19. 



This tour was an unique demonstra- 

 tion in the. proper feeding of lambs 

 and was conducted under the auspices 

 of the Montgomery County Farm Bu- 

 reau, with Parni Adviser Snyder and 

 Manager Roberts of the shipping asso- 

 ciation as directors. Starting at ♦he 

 farm bureau office with two or three 

 members in one car, they drove to the 

 farm of the first feeder, Nathan Wea- 

 cott. Then he joined in and went to 

 the next feeder, and so on until by 

 the time the tour was well under way 

 about eight autpmobile loads of inter- 

 ested feeders had joined the demonstra- 

 tion. 



There were approximately 7,000 sheep 

 and lambs on feed in Montgomery 

 county. After the tour, which lasted 

 from 7:30 in the morning unt^I 6:00 

 at night ,it was considered that Mrs. 

 Mathews had the best lambs of any 

 seen on the trip. ,-She personaIl|t super- 

 vises the feeding operations. ,* 



Is Sam Thompson Radical? 



Farm Writer for 40 Big Eastern 

 Papers Tells World That Visit in 

 I. A. A. Office Proves Him Not 



"Anyone who has visited the head- 

 quarters of the Illinois Agricultural 

 Association, of which Sam H. Thomp- 

 son, the new bead of the American 

 Farm Bureau Federation, has been the 

 executive officer, will have to revise his 

 idea of a 'radical' — if Mr. Thompson is 

 to be ^o designated." 



So states O. M. Kile, Washington 

 farm correspondent who writes for 

 about forty big Eastern city papers on 

 "How Things Look to the Fartner." 



"Occupying some 15 or 20 nicely fur- 

 nished, glass partitioned offices in a 

 high grade office building in Chicago, 

 the Illinois unit of the Farm Bureau 

 has built up a large, efficient and most 

 business-like business organization. It 

 is thoroughly departmentalized,' budget- 

 ed and audited in the most approved 

 style. Its co-operative departments 

 supervise the handling of millions of 

 dollars of farm products each year — it 

 is at least seven years old^ — its tax de- 

 partment has gone before nearly all 

 the county tax boards in the state and 

 effected readjustments in farm land 

 assessments that' hava saved Illinois 

 farmers millions of dollars in taxes. A 

 dozen other service features might be 

 mentioned. It seems a little harsh to 

 call such organizations 'radical' merely 

 because it. insists on legislative assis- 

 tance in carrying out one feature of 

 its co-operative marketing business." 



tion. Former Governor Lowden of Il- 

 linois has referred to a plan which, as 

 I understand it, would have surpluses 

 handled by co-operative organization s 

 assisted by a Federal Farm Board of 

 parallel importance to the Federal Re- 

 serve Board buf in which there would 

 be no governmental price-fixing and no 

 buying and selling of farm products 

 under the control of government offi- 

 cials. Secretary Hoover made an almost 

 exactly similar proposal two years ago 

 with the idea of building up for agri- 

 culture' the same stability as in indus- 

 try. C. R. Noyes, of St. Paul, also 

 has given a great deal of thought to 

 this question and has worked out the 

 details of a plan. Other proposals have 

 been introduced in Congress and others 

 are in the course of preparation. 

 To Call Conferences on It 

 "With the sincere feeling that a fur- 

 ther crystallization of thought and de- 

 velopment of a common aim -can and 

 should he secured on this vital problem, 

 I have decided to call to Washington 

 from time to time a number of leaders 

 who can make a contribution looking to 

 the laying dowp of a sotind and effec- 

 tive plan. I have already issued an in- 

 vitation to the agricultural editors of 

 the country to come to Washington to 

 discuss the surplus problem among 

 other things in order that I might have 

 the value of their knowledge and expe- 

 rience as reflected in different sections. 

 I propose to call other leaders, start- 

 ing immediately." 



ThEBE am now 578 HaDIO BSOADCA0TDIO 



stations in oi>eration in the Inited Stat«. To- 

 day vvrry solitary channel of the air is occupied 

 by at Ipact one broadcasting Btatiim and tnerp 

 are now pending before the If. 8. Department of 

 Commerce more than 175 applicatioug for new 

 licenses. Experience and experimenta have 

 found that there are only 89 distirtct wave 

 lengths to serve all who wish to uae tae air at 

 one time. It is estimated that $50,000:, is .spent 

 every uight to fill the radio ears of this comitry. 



Thb Ruhm PnofipHATK AWD Chemiqil com- 



pany is situated Hf Mt. PlraRant. Trrmt in8t*>>»d 

 <.f Nashvillf, Triin. ;.« pf;,l,d in the IpWltecord 



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