- ;-'--^- :.•-:•:.;•■ I -: 



Elimination of this waste means still 

 greater incoxne to eflFident egg producers. 

 The Ohio investigators further state that : 

 "In 1922 a law was passed in Canada 

 establishing standards and egg grades 

 and government inspection service in the 

 different provinces. The success of this 

 Canadian system is shown by the fact 

 that in 1920 the per capita consumption 

 in Canada was 201 eggs and by 1927 it 

 had increased to 356 eggs in a year." 

 In dozens this is about 17 for the period 

 prior to federal grades and 30 dozens 

 per capita consumption in 1927. The 

 average for the U. S. is about 17 dozen. 

 Illinois consumption is probably less, be- 

 cause this state has a reputation of pro- 

 ducing eggs of very inferior quality. On 

 the basis of 17 dozen per capita con- 

 sumption, Illinois' 6,000,000 population 

 would consume annually 102,000,000 

 eggs which equals approximately our 

 annual sales. On the other hand, if only 

 good eggs were supplied, and we con- 

 sumed 30 dozen each as in Canada, our 

 total consumption would be 180,000,000 

 dozens annually. This is a potential out- 

 let for 78,000,000 dozen more than at 

 present, which at 25 cents per dozen 

 means that Illinois egg producers could 

 sell $19,500,000 worth more eggs an- 

 nually. 



Some may argue that such increased 

 consumption of eggs in Illinois would 

 mean little to producers, because it would 

 only decrease our consumption of other 

 farm products. Let us not be misled in 

 our thinking on this point. The stand- 

 ard breakfast for miUions of consumers 

 is bacon and eggs, ham and eggs, and 

 toast and eggs, provided good eggs can 

 be had. Otherwise they turn to some- 

 thing else, perhaps substitutes, none of 

 which are produced in Illinois. Bacon 

 and eggs, ham and eggs, and toast and 

 eggs, can be maintained as our standard 

 breakfast if Illinois farmers will only 

 supply Illinois consumers with a high 

 quality product. 



The question naturally follows: "Can 

 Illinois producers reduce these wastes 

 and get the additional income possible 

 by marketing quality eggs.'" 



The answer is. "Yes! " It can be ac- 

 complished through co-operative market- 

 ing. Not until producers enter the mar- 

 keting field do they become conscious of 

 these enormous wastes and take an in- 

 terest in eliminating them. These wastes 

 can and will be eliminated by Illinois 

 producers, for if they do not, producers 

 of other regions will. 



Already, during certain seasons, Pacific 

 Coast producers are supplying the Chi- 

 cago market with 35 per cent of its re- 

 quirements. Will Illinois egg producers 

 allow this to continue? This question 

 will be answered by Illinois producers 

 through their co-operative egg marketing 

 associations. 



What Does the Future Hold 

 For the Illinois Dairymen? 



By Dr. H. A. Ruehe* 



Chief of Dairy Department, 

 University of Illinois 



V^^^HERE never was a greater need 

 ^^~Y^ for co-operative action on the 



\^ part of dairymen. Dealing in 

 groups and group action is the trend in 

 business today. In order to accomphsh 

 the greatest good for the individual <kiry- 

 man, your co-operative organizations 

 should not confine themselves to market- 

 ing alone, but should extend their ac- 

 tivities to promote and encourage among 

 their members a program of breeding, 

 feeding, testing and culling. 



Group action will do wonders in bring- 

 ing success to the dairyman of Illinois. 

 But this does not remove the responsi- 

 bility of the individual. As individuals, 

 you must control every phase of your 

 business. You should have accurate cost 

 records on every activity. You should 

 chart your activities and base your plans 

 on facts and figures. 



As I see it, die future is bright for the 

 dairyman who adapts modem business 

 methods to his individual enterprise and 

 co-operates with the group that is work- 

 ing for the welfare of the industry of 

 which he is a part. 



Whenever one engages in any line 

 of business, he should first consider the 

 possible demands for his product. He 

 should consider not only the present real 

 demand, but also the potential demand, 

 and build his business "set-up" accord- 

 ingly. 



At the present time about 20 percent 

 of the food dollar is spent for dairy 

 products. That is real demand. Nutri- 

 tion experts, who have studied the food 

 values of dairy products, state that from 

 35 percent to 40 percent of the food 

 dollar should go to dairy products. This 

 represents a potential demand and, un- 

 questionably, the trend will be toward 

 that goal. Therefore, the market of the 

 future is bright, and we can feel opti- 

 mistic about it. 



The business of the Illinois dairyman 

 must be integrated and controlled. 

 There is no question but that the margin 

 of profit for the dairy farmer is going 

 to be hedged in more and more as time 

 goes on. This calls for more study and 



more careful planning for every step 

 taken, in order to reduce costs whenever 

 possible. It is by so doing that profits 

 will be made possible. 



There are four phases to any manu- 

 facturing business. They are, namely, 

 financial, securing raw material, manu- 

 facturing, including machines and proc- 

 esses, and selling. All four phases must 

 be operated properly and in balance with 

 each other in order to have a successful 

 business. 



The financial phase is important. Im- 

 proper financing of any business enter- 

 prise defeats success. TTiere must be the 

 proper adjustment in the relationship of 

 required capital and invested capital. 



The quality and location of land af- 

 fect its price. Some farms may be too 

 valuable for dairy purposes and may en- 

 tail such an investment as to make it 

 impossible to realize a profit. Then again, 

 we may have the other extreme, where 

 the land is so cheap, due to the lack of 

 fertility, location and other factors, that 

 it does not warrant the investment of 

 capital in cattle bams, etc. The build- 

 ing of a dairy farm should be planned so 

 as to give the necessary housing facili- 

 ties with a minimum of expense. 



Dairymen must think of their land and 

 crop program on the basis of milk p>er 

 acre over a series of years. The proper 

 feeds must be grown or purchased at 

 reasonable costs or this phase of the 

 business will destroy the possibility of a 

 profit. 



The machines and proper operations 

 of them — the manufacturing phase of 

 your business — or, in dairy terms, the 

 herd and the herd management, are, 

 perhaps, the part of your business that 

 needs the greatest supervision. Too many 

 dairymen are failing to give this phase 

 of their business proper consideration. 

 TTiere are about 1,169,000 dairy cows 

 in Illinois. The average yearly produc- 

 tion, per cow, is 180 pounds of fat and 

 approximately 4690 pounds of milk. Ap- 

 proximately two percent of the dairy 

 cows in Illinois are enrolled in Dairy 

 Herd Improvement Associations. The 

 average production of these 23,371 cows 

 is about 8098 pounds of milk and 312 

 pounds of fat. 



This year the average Illinois cow 

 returned about $21 above feed costs. 

 During this same period, the average 

 Dairy Herd Improvement Association 

 cow was worth three of the average cows 

 in the state. When such a condition 



32 



L A. A. RECORD 



