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provided authority for EPA to issue regional haze regulations 

 under which both existing sources and new sources could be con- 

 trolled. 



Mr. Synar. Well, given the fact that we have a large number of 

 facilities that are exempt from PSD and the cost and the delay that 

 are associated with BART, are you saying that we should give up 

 trying to control sources under the PSD program? 



Ms. Steinhardt. No, really not at all. I think these sources are 

 still significant contributors to air pollution, and sometimes, in fact, 

 I think the Park Service has found that they may be the primary 

 contributors, but the problem has been in trying to deal with the 

 sources one by one. I think overall we can only be successful if we 

 deal with these sources on a regional basis. 



Mr. Synar. In 1980 EPA divided the visibility program into two 

 phases. They issued the BART as the first phase and the second 

 phase, regional haze, has never been issued. I raised that in the 

 1990 hearing, and it is still true today. Why is that? 



Ms. Steinhardt. EPA tells us they don't have the information 

 they feel they need to develop the regional haze regulations, and 

 they also say they want to wait for the report of the Grand Canyon 

 Visibility Transport Commission. 



Mr. Synar. Are there any other programs out there that are ef- 

 fective in trying to do this at all? 



Ms. Steinhardt. No. 



Mr. Synar. So without the regional haze regulations, our success 

 rate is not likely to increase, is it? 



Ms. Steinhardt. That is right. 



Mr. Synar. Now the best available retrofit program deals with 

 pollution which is reasonably attributable to one or a few relatively 

 nearby sources; is that not correct? 



Ms. Steinhardt. Yes. 



Mr. Synar. How many actions have there been in that area? 



Ms. Steinhardt. These BART actions? 



Mr. Synar. Right. 



Ms. Steinhardt. There was one that the Park Service under- 

 took, EPA and the Park Service undertook, for the Grand Canyon, 

 and we understand now that the Forest Service has initiated a 

 process for Mt. Zirkel Wilderness Area in Colorado. 



Mr. Synar. So one from the Park Service and one from the For- 

 est Service; right? 



Ms. Steinhardt. Right, and there haven't been any others, as 

 far as we know. 



Mr. Synar. So in terms of using BART to protect the parks and 

 wilderness there has been almost no progress since our last hear- 

 ing; has there? 



Why haven't the land managers and EPA used their authority to 

 impose at least specific controls on existing dirty sources which 

 cause much of our visibility problem? 



Ms. Steinhardt. Well, they feel it is a very costly and time con- 

 suming way to try to deal with the problem. They spent about 10 

 years and $5 million to do the studies for the Grand Canyon BART 

 action. 



Mr. SYNAR. At the last hearing, I stated that I thought the law 

 did not require the kinds of extremely detailed and expensive stud- 



