82 



The Forest Service should increase efforts to reduce the damaging effects of exotic 

 forest pests ah-eady present as well as to reduce the likeUhood of importing addi- 

 tional exotic species. The threat warrants increased funding and personnel. How- 

 ever, equally important is improved integration to spur creative thinking and avoid 

 duplication. Forest Service personnel should work collaboratively with state forestry 

 divisions, private woodlot owners, the academic community — including ento- 

 mologists, mycologists, tree improvement specialists, ecologists — ^wood product users, 

 the nursery industry, conservation organizations, and citizen organizations such as 

 the American Chestnut Foundation. It is also important to ensxire greater flexibility 

 to allow prompt response to emerging or newly discovered outbreaks. 



Alien pest control efforts should be based on the goal of maintaining biological di- 

 versity and ecological integrity of our forests, not just on production-oriented goals. 

 All who care about the forests will benefit, whatever their views on other aspects 

 of forest management. 



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Goebl, M. 1987. Gypsy moth infestation on the Allegheny National Forest has direct 

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