84 



Appendix A 



SUMMARY OF STATUTES (LAWS AND TREATIES) 



GOVERNING INTRODUCTIONS OF ALIEN SPECIES 



WHICH MAY ATTACK NATIVE TREE SPECIES 



APHIS 



International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) (1951) 



[Article 14 of the Constitution of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations] 



establishes international system under which inspections and quarantines are implemented 



to prevent dissemination of pests affecting plant resources 



Federal Plant Pest Act (1957) [7 U.S.C. §§ 150aa - 15()ij] 



prohibits knowing importation or interstate transportation (except with a permit issued by 

 the Secretary of Agriculture) of any plant 'pest'; "pest' is defined as any living stage of 

 invertebrates, bacteria, fungi, parasitic plants, viruses, infectious substances, etc., "which 

 can directly or indirectly injure or cause disease or damage in any plants or parts thereof, 

 or any processed, manufactured, or other products of plants." [emphasis added] 



Organic Act (1944) [7 U.S.C §§ 147a - 147e] 



authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture, alone or in cooperation with the states or local 

 jurisdictions, farmers' associations, governments of Western Hemisphere countries, and 

 international organizations, to detect, eradicate, control, or retard the spread of plant 

 "pests'. (See definition of "pest" under the Federal Plant Pest Act, above.) 



Plant Quarantine Act (1912) [7 U.S.C. 5§ 151 - 164a, 167] 



authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to regulate imports or interstate shipments of 

 nursery stock or other plants and plant parts and propagules when necessary to prevent 

 introduction of injurious plant diseases and insect pests; 



Agricultural Quarantine Enforcement Act (1989) 



prohibits the shipping of any plant, fruit, vegetable or other matter quarantined by the 

 Department of Agriculture via first-class mail; search warrants required to open packages 



