184 



Summary of Statutes (laws and Treaties) Governing Introductions of Allen Species Which 

 May Attack Native Tree Species 



International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) < 1 95 1 ) 



[Article 14 of the Constitution of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the 

 United Nations) establishes international system under which inspections and quai 

 antines are implemented to prevent dissemination of pests affecting plant resources. 



Federal Plant Pest Act (1957) [7 U^.C. §§ ISOaa-lSOjj] 



prohibits knowing importation or interstate transportation (except with a permit 

 issued by the Secretary of Agriculture) of any plant "pest"; "pest" is defmed as any liv- 

 ing stage of invertebrates, bacteria, fungi, parasitic plants, viruses, infectious sub- 

 stances, etc.. "which can directly or indirectly injure or cause disease or damage in 

 any plants or parts thereof, or any processed, manufactured, or other products of 

 plants' (emphasis added] . 



Organic Act (1944) [7 VS.C. §§ 147a-147e] 



authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture, alone or in cooperation with the sutes or 

 local jurisdictions, farmers' associations, governments of Western Hemisphere coun- 

 tries, and international organizations, to detect, eradicate, control, or retard the 

 spread of plant "pests." (See defmition of "pest" under the Federal Plant Pest Act. 

 above.) 



Plant Quarantine Act (1912) [7 J.S.C. §§ 151-164a, 167] 



authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to regulate imports or interstate shipments of 

 nursery stock or other plants and plant parts and propagules when necessary to pre- 

 vent introduction of injurious plant diseases and insect pests. 



Agricultural Quarantine Enforcement Act (1989) 



prohibiu the shipping of any plant, fruit, vegetable or other mauer quarantined by the 



Department of Agriculture via first-class mail; search warrants required to open pack^es. 



