GARDEN BOTANY. 



XXiV 



Order VIOLACEJE. Violet Family. 



Manual, p. 41. — Some of our Wild Violets are occasionally cultivated in 

 gardens, and the following are common. 



1. Viola odorata, Sweet Violet, of Europe. Stemless perennial, spread- 

 ing by creeping shoots, the round-cordate leaves and scapes all from the root- 

 stock ; flowers blue, violet, and a white variety, single or double, produced 

 in early spring, often again in autumn. 



V. tricolor, Pansy, Heartsease. Biennial or annual, with leafy stems, 

 ovate or cordate leaves, and large pinnatilid stipules ; flowers violet, "whitish, 

 or yellow, or a mixture of the three, in many varieties, spring and summer. 



Order PITTOSPOBACE^. Pittosporum Family. 



Has to be included for the sake of a shrub or small tree from Japan, cultivated 

 as a house plant in winter, because of its sweet-scented flowers and coriaceous 

 evergreen leaves, which bear the dry airof our parlors better than most plants, viz. : 



1. Pitto'sporum Tobi'ra. Sepals, petals (with connivent claws), and sta- 

 mens 5, regular. Style 1 : ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentae, in fruit 

 forming a thick-walled pod, with several pitchy-coated seeds. Flowers white. 

 Leaves obovate, retuse. 



Order CARYOPHYLLACE^. Pink Family. 



Manual, p. 52. — The common garden species are all of the Pink Family 

 proper, viz. Pinks and the like. 



Calyx-tube furnished with scaly bracts at its base : styles 2. 

 Oalyx-tube uaked, i. e. without such bracts. 

 Styles 2. 



Tube of the calyx not arigled. 



Tube of the calyx strongly 5-angled 



Styles 3 



Styles 5, or sometimes 4. 



1. DIANTHUS. 



Man. p. 54. SAPONARIA. 



Man. p. 55. VACCARIA. 



Man. p. 55. SILENE. 



. 2. LYCHNIS. 



1. Dianthus, Pink. Man. p. 54. The common cultivated sorts belong to 

 the following species. 



* Flowers solitary and peduncled or scattered : leaves narrow, glaucous. 



D. Caryophyllus, Clove Pink, with the petals merely toothed, the 

 scales under the calyx very short and broad, is the original of all the varieties 

 of Carnation, Piuotee, &c. 



D. Chinensis, China Pink, with the petals merely toothed, is known 

 by its greener leaves, and the leaf-like scales as long as the calyx itself. 



D. plumarius, Piieasant's-Eye or Plumed Pink, has short scaks 

 under the calyx, the (white and pink-purple) petals deeply cut into a fringe, 

 and often fringe -bearded at the top of the claw. 



* # Flowers many, crowded in a. close fiat cluster. 



D. Carthusianorum, Carthusians' Pink, has narrow leaves, black- 

 ish bracts (making the cluster dark-colored), and small crimson flowers. 



D. barbatus, Sweet-William or Bunch Pink, has oblong-lanceolate 

 green leaves, and a very flat cluster of various-colored flowers. 



2. Lychnis. The following are common and hardy garden perennials. 



L. coronaria, Mullein-Pink or Rose-Campion, with ovate-lanceoiate 

 and white-tomentose leaves ; flowers pink or red. 



