lxxviii GARDEN BOTAIS'T. 



2. Pagus sylvatica, European Beech, with shorter and less toothed 

 leaves than ours, — a variety with copper or bronze-colored leaves is planted. 



3. Corylus Avellana, European Hazel-nut or Filbert. Shrub 6° 

 to 10° high ; leaves roundish-obovate, slightly heart-shaped ; involucre smooth- 

 ish, not much lacerate, not longer than the oval nut, which is larger than in 

 ours. 



Order SALICACEJE. Willow Family. 

 Manual, p. 413, where the cult. Willows are sufficiently described, except 



1. Salix Babylonica, Weeping-Willow ; a fine ornamental tree with 

 slender hanging branches, and linear-lanceolate taper-pointed leaves ; catkins 

 terminating short leafy branches of the season. Var. annularis, Rino- 

 leaved or Hoop Willow, is a singular variety, with the leaves curled into 

 a ring. 



2. Populus, Poplar, — Balm of-Gilead or Balsam Poplar, Man. p. 

 419, is common as a planted tree, but rarely seen indigenous. 



P. dilatata, Lombardy Poplar; formerly much planted in avenues, 

 a tall stiff and slender tree with strictly erect branches; leaves small, deltoid, 

 acuminate, smooth both sides. Supposed to be a remarkable variety of P. 

 nigra, the Black Poplar of Europe and Asia. 



P. alba, White Poplar or Abele. Tree with spreading branches, and 

 roundish heart-shaped leaves green above but white-tomentose beneath. The 

 contrast in hue makes the tree handsome in plantations ; but it becomes a 

 nuisance by spreading widely from the root. 



Order CONIFER-SI. Pine Family. 



Manual, p. 420. — The exotic Coniferous trees of the choicer kinds recently 

 introduced into ornamental planting are numerous, and are mostly from Califor- 

 nia, Japan, and the Himalaya Mountains. But only the following are now 

 at all common. The indigenous kinds are all included in the following key, 

 which is so simple that any one can at once make out the genus of any common 

 Coniferous tree by the most obvious marks. 



Leaves all deciduous in the autumn, and 

 Dilated, fan-shaped or wedge-shaped, lobed or incised at the end, petioled. 9 

 Linear and 2-ranked, except on flowering shoots. Man. p. 424. 6. 



Needle-shaped, many in a cluster, but scattered on shoots of the season. 

 Leaves persistent, evergreen, 

 Many in a cluster, as in Larix, but evergreen and rigid 

 Two to five in a cluster (no scattered ones), long and needle-shaped. 

 Not in clusters, linear or needle-shaped, spreading, none scale-like. 

 Bearing cones, and with two winged seeds under each scale. 



Bearing a nut-Uke seed in a berry-like cup 



Bearing a berry-like and few-seeded fruit, without a cup. . 

 Not in clusters, a large part of them small and scale-like, imbricated 

 and adherent to the branch, those on other shoots subulate. 

 Fruit berry-like, the scales fleshy and coalescent, few-seeded. Man. p.425 

 Fruit a dry cone of few scales. 

 Scales overlapping, fixed by their base, 2-seeded. 

 Scales not overlapping, peltate, several-seeded. 



