VIOLACE^E. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 13 



7. V. cucullata, Ait. (Common Blue Violet.) Leaves all long- 

 petioled and upright, heart-shaped with a broad sinus, varying to kidney-shaped and 

 dilated-triangular, smooth, or more or less pubescent, the sides at the base rolled 

 inwards when young, obtusely serrate ; lateral and often the lower petals bearded; 

 spur short and thick; stigma obscurely beaked or beakless. — Low grounds, 

 common everywhere. April -June. — Very variable in size, &c. and in the 

 color and size of the (usually large) flowers, which are deep or pale violet-blue 

 or purple, sometimes nearly white, or variegated with white. Scapes 3' -10' 

 high. Passes by intermediate forms of all sorts into 



Var. palmafa. (Hand-leaf Violet.) Leaves variously 3-7-cleft or 

 parted, or the earlier ones entire on the same individual. (V. palmata, L.) — 

 Common, especially southward. 



8. V. villdsa, Walt., Nutt. (Hairy Violet.) Leaves mostly short- 

 petioled and lying flat on the ground, orbicular or round-heart-shaped with a narrow 

 or closed sinus, hairy especially above, or nearly smooth, thickish ; lateral and 

 mostly the lower petals bearded; spur short and thick; stigma beaked. (V. 

 cordifolia, Schwein. V. sororia, Le Conte, &c, scarcely of Willd.) — Diy hills 

 and woods, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and southward. April, May. — Smaller 

 than the last, 2' -4' high : "corolla reddish-blue." Probably only a round- 

 leaved variety of the next. 



9. V. sagEttata, Ait. (Arrow-leaved Violet.) Smoothish or 

 hairy ; leaves on short and margined, or the later often on long and naked petioles, 

 varying from oblong-heai't-shaped to halberd-shaped, arrow-shaped, oblong-lanceolate 

 or ovate, denticulate, sometimes cut-toothed near the base, the lateral or occasion- 

 ally all the (purple-blue) petals bearded; spur short and thick; stigma beaked. 

 (V. ovata, Nutt., & V emarginata, Le Conte, are states of this variable species.) 



— Dry or moist open places, New England to Illinois and southward. April, 

 May. — Flowers rather large. 



10. V. dclplainifdlsa, Nutt. (Larkspur Violet.) Leaves all pal- 

 mately or pedately 5 - 1 -parted, the divisions 2 - 3-cleft ; lobes linear ; lateral petals 

 bearded; stigma short-beaked. — Rich prairie soil, Illinois and westward. April. 



— Much resembles the next. 



11. V* pedata, L. (Bird-foot Violet.) Nearly smooth; leaves all 

 3-5-divided, or the earliest only parted, the lateral divisions 2-3-parted, all 

 linear or narrowly spatulate, sometimes 2-3-toothed or cut at the apex; petals 

 beardless; stigma nearly beakless. — Sandy or gravelly soil, New England to 

 Illinois and southward. May. — Flower large and handsome, 1' broad, pale or 

 deep lilac -purple or blue; the two upper petals sometimes deep violet and vel- 

 vety like a Pansy. 



* * Leafy-stemmed, from subterranean perennial rootstocks. 

 ■*- Stems leafy from the base to the summit, branching : flowers not yellow, sometimes 



produced all summer long. 



12. V. rostrata, Pursh. (Long-Spurred Violet.) Stems ascending 

 (3' -6' high); leaves roundish-heart-shaped, sen-ate, the upper acute; stipules 

 lanceolate, fringe-toothed, large ; spur slender, longer than the pale violet beardless 

 petals ; style straight and slender ; stigma terminal, beakless. — Shaded hill- 



