44 VIOLACE^E. (VIOLFT FAMILY.) 



sides, Maine to Ohio and Kentucky ; rare. June, July. — Spur J' long. An- 

 ther-spurs also very long. 



13. V. MuEilenbergii, Torr. (American Dog Violet.) Steins 

 ascending (3' -7' long), at length with creeping branches; leaves round-heart- 

 shaped, or the lowest kidney-form, crenate, the uppermost slightly pointed; 

 stipules lanceolate, fringe-toothed ; spur cylindrical, about half the length of the 

 pale violet petals, the lateral ones slightly bearded ; stigma beaked. — Shaded wet 

 places ; common. May, June. 



14. V. striata, Ait. (Pale Violet.) Stems angular, ascending, 

 branching (6 -10' high); leaves heart-shaped, finely serrate, often acute; sti- 

 pules oblong-lanceolate, large, strongly fringe-toothed ; spur thickish, much shorter 

 than the cream-colored petals, the lateral ones bearded, the lower striped with 

 purplish lines ; stigma beaked. — Low grounds ; common, especially westward. 

 April - Oct. 



15. V. Canadensis, L. (Canada Violet.) Upright (1°- 2° high) ; 

 leaves heart-shaped, pointed, serrate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire ; petals whito 

 or whitish inside, the upper ones tinged with violet beneath, the lateral bearded ; 

 spur very short; stigma beakless, hairy on each side. — Rich woods; common 

 northward and along the Alleghanies. May -Aug. 



*- -i- Stems mostly simple, erect, naked below, and 2 - 4-leaved above : stipules nearly 

 entire : flowers yellow : stigma not beaked, but bearded on each side. 



16. Y. p«l»«»sceiBS, Ait. (Downy Yellow Violet.) Softly pubes- 

 cent (6'- 12' high) ; leaves very broadly heart-shaped, toothed, somewhat pointed ; 

 stipules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, large ; spur extremely short ; lower petals 

 veined with purple. — Woods; common. May -Aug. 



Var. ei'iocai'pa, Nutt. More pubescent, stout, 1°- 2° high; pods wool- 

 ly. ( V. eriocarpa, Schwein. ) — Common westward. 



Var. scabriitSCMla, Torr. & Gray. Smaller and greener, slightly 

 pubescent; stems often decumbent (4' -10' high). — Rhode Island to Ohio and 

 Kentucky. 



17. V. hastala, Michx. (Halberd-leaved Violet.) Nearly gla- 

 brous, slender (4' -10' high) ; stem-leaves halberd-shaped, slightly serrate, acute; 

 stipules ovate, small ; spur very short. — Mountains of Pennsylvania and south- 

 ward. June. 



# # * Leafy-stemmed annuals or biennials : the 4 tipper petals ascending. 



18. V. tricolor, L. (Pansy. Heart's-ease.) Stem angled and 

 branched ; leaves roundish, or the upper oval and the lowest heart-shaped, cre- 

 nate or entire ; stipules very large and leaf-like, lyrate-pinnatifid ; petals vari- 

 able in color or variegated (yellow, whitish, violet-blue and purple) ; — in var. 

 arvensis shorter or rather longer than the calyx.— Dry or sandy soil, New 

 York to Kentucky and southward : doubtless only a small state of the Garden 

 Pansy run wild. (Nat. from Eu.) 



V. odorIta, the Sweet Violet of Europe, which far excels all the Amer- 

 ican species in fragrance, sometimes grows spontaneously near dwellings. 



