UMBELLIFERjE. (parsley family.) 149 



in hard, horn-like albumen. — Stems usually hollow. Leaves alternate, 

 mostly compound, the petioles expanded or sheathing at the base. Um- 

 bels usually compound; when the secondary ones are termed umbcllets: 

 each often subtended by a whorl of bracts (involucre and involucck). — 

 A large family, some of the plants innocent and aromatic, others with 

 very poisonous (acrid-narcotic) properties ; the flowers much alike in all, 

 — therefore to be studied by their fruits, inflorescence, &c, which like- 

 wise exhibit comparatively small diversity. The family is therefore a 

 difficult one for the young student. See Addend 



Synopsis. 



I. Inner face of each seed flat or nearly so (not hollowed out J. 



* Umbels simple or imperfect, sometimes one growing from the summit of another. 



1. HYDKOCOTYLE. Fruit orbicular, flat. Leaves orbicular or rounded. 



2. CKANTZ1A. Fruit globular. Leaves thread -shaped, fleshy and hollow. 



» • Umbels or umbcllets capitate, imperfect: i. e. the flower- sessile in heads. 

 8. SAN10ULA Fruit clothed with hooked prickles. Flowers polygamous. 

 4. EKYNGIUM. Fruit clothed with scales. Flowers in thick heads, perfect. 



• » « Umbels Compound and perfect j i. e. it* rays bearing umbcllets. 



*■ Fruit beset with bristly prickles, not flat. 

 6. DAUCUS. Fruit beset with weak prickles in single rows on the ribs. 



«- «- Fruit smooth, strongly flattened on the back, and single-winged or margined at the Junc- 

 tion of the 2 carpels (next to the commi.--.-mre). 



6. P0LYT2BNIA. Fruit surrounded with a broad and tumid corky margin thicker than the 



fruit itself, which is nearly ribless on the back 



7. IIEltACLKUM. Fruit broadly wing-margined : the carpels minutely 5-ribbed on the back : 



lateral ribs '-lose to the margin. Flowers white, the marginal ones radiant, 



8. PA8TINACA. Fruit wing-margined : ribs of the carpels as in No. 7. Flowers yellow, the 



marginal ones perfect, not radiant 

 0. AKCIIEM0I5A. Fruit broadly winged : the 5 ribs on the back equidistant; the 2 lateral 

 ones close to the wing. Flowers white Leaves pinnate or 3-foliolato 



10. TEBDBMANNIA. Fruit winged, much as in No. 9. Leaves simple, lung and cylindrical, 



hollow, with some cross partitions 

 *.«-«- Fruit smooth, flat or flatfish on the back, and double-winged or margined at the edge, 

 each carpel also 3-ribbed or sometimes 3 winged on the back. 



11. ANGELICA, t'ai pels with 3 slender ribs on the back; a single oil-tube in each interval. 



Seed not loose. 



12. ARCHANGELICA. Carpels with 3 rather stout ribs on the back, and 2-8 or more oil- 



tubes in each interval, adhering to the loose seed. 



13. CONIOSELINUM. Carpels with 3 wings on the back narrower than those of the margins. 



+- -4- ■>- ■>- Fruit smooth, not flattened either way, or slightly so, the cross-eection nearly orbic 

 ulir or quadrate ; the carpels each with 5 wings or strong ribs. 



14. JETIIUSA. i'ruit ovate-globose : carpels with 5 sharply keeled ridges and with single oil- 



tubes in the intervals. 



15. LIQUSTICUM. Fruit elliptical : carpels with 6 sharp almost winged ridges, and with 



several oil-tubes in each interval. 



16. THASP1UM. Fruit elliptical or ovoid : carpels 6-winged or 5-ribbed, and with single oil- 



tubes in each interval. Flowers yellow or dark purple. 



*- +- ■•- -4- +■ i'ruit smooth, flattened laterally or contracted at the sides, wingless. 



17. ZIZIA. Flowers yellow. Fruit oval, somewhat twin : the carpels narrowly 5-ribbed : oil- 



tubes 3 in each interval. Leaves compound. 

 13* 



