UMBELLIFER^:. (PARSLET FAMILT.) 151 



2. CRAIVTZIA, Nutt. Craxtzia. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit globose ; the carpeh corky, 5-rihbed : an oil-tnbe 

 in each interval. — Minute plants creeping and rooting in the mud, like Hydro- 

 cotyle, but with fleshy and hollow cylindrical or awl-sbapcd petioles, in place of 

 leaves, marked with cross divisions. Umbels few-flowered, simple. Flowers 

 white. (Named for Prof. Crantz, an Austrian botanist of the 18th century.) 



1. C. Kne&ta, Xutt. (Hydrocotyle lineata, Afichx.) Leaves somewhat 

 dab-shaped, very obtuse (\'-2' long); lateral ribs of the fruit projecting, form- 

 ing a corky margin. U — Brackish marshes, from Massachusetts southward 

 alonir the coast. July. 



3. SAX1CULA, Tottrn. -icle. Black Ssakekoot. 



Calyx-teeth manifest, persistent. Fruit globular; the carpels not separating 



spontaneously, ribless, thickly clothed with hooked prickles, each with 5 oil- 

 tubes. — Perennial herbs, With palniately-lohed OT parted leaves, those from the 



root long-petioled. Umbels irregular or compound, the flowers (greenish or 

 yellowish) capitate in the umbellets, perfect, and with stamraate ones intermixed. 



Involucre and involueels few-leaved. (Name from sumi, to heal.) 



1. S. <'aii:ul«'iisis, L. Leaves 3-5- (the upper only:!-) parted; steriU 



flowers few, scarcely pediceUed, Bhorter than the fertile ,/..•,- shorter i/mn the 



prickles ofihtfnat. — I June-Aug. — Plant l°-2° high, with thin 



leaves; their divisions wedge-obovate or oblong, Bharply CBt and serrate, the 



lateral mostly 2-lobed. Fruits few in each umbellet. 



2. S. Maril;iii<Ii<:i, L. Leaves all 5 - 7-parted ; sterile flowenmmerovs, 

 on slender pedicels, about the length of the fertile; styles elongated and conspicumu, 



recurved. — Woods and copses, common. — Stem 2°-8° high; the leaves more 

 rigid and with narrower divisions than in the former, with almost cartilaginous 

 teeth. Fruits several in each umhellet. 



4. ERVXCIU.U, Tourn. Button Sxakeroot. 



Calyx-teeth manifest, persistent. Styles slender. Fruit top-shaped, covered 

 with little scales or tubercles, with no rihs, and scarcely any oil-tubes. — Chiefly 

 perennials, with coriaceous, toothed, cat, or prickly leaves, and blue or white 

 bracted flowers closely sessile in dense heads. (A name used by Dioscorides, 

 of uncertain origin.) 



1. E. yuccicfolitiui, Michx. (Kattlesnake-Master. Button 

 Snakeroot.) Leaves linear, taper-pointed, rigid, arass-tike, nerved, bristly- 

 fringed ; leaflets of the involucre mostly entire and shorter than the heads, ty 

 (E. aquaticum, L. in part; but it never grows in water.) — Dry or damp pine- 

 barrens or prairies, New Jersey to Wisconsin, and southward. July. 



2. E. Virgrinifutum, Lam. Leaves linear-lanceolate, serrate with hooked 



or somewhat spiny teeth, veiny; leaflets of the invclucrc cleft or spiny-toothed, 

 longer than the cymose whitish or bluish heads, (g) — Swamps, New Jersey 

 and southward near the coast. July. 



