152 UMBELLIFERjE. (parsley familt.) 



5. DAtlCUS, Tourn. Cakrot. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla irregular. Fruit ovoid or oblong; the carpels 

 scarcely flattened on the back, with 5 primary slender bristly ribs, two of thi m 

 on the inner face, also with 4 equal and more or less winged secondary ones, 

 each bearing a single row of slender bristly prickles : an oil-tube under each of 

 these ribs. — Biennials, with finely 2-3-pinnatc or pinnatiiid leaves, cleft invo- 

 lucres, and concave umbels, dense in fruit. (The ancient Greek name) 



1. I>. CarOta, L. (Common Carrot.) Stem bristly ; involucre piiwath 



fid, nearly the length of the umbel. — Spontaneous in old fields in certain plai i 

 July -Sept. — Flowers white or cream-color, the central one of each umbellet 

 abortive and dark purple. Umbel in fruit dense and concave, resembling a 

 bird's nest. (Adv. fronrEu.) 



6. POLY TAENIA, DC. Polytvknia. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Fruit oval, very flat, with an entire broad and thick corky 

 margin, the impressed back very obscurely ribbed : oil-tubes 2 in each inter- 

 val, and many in the corky margin. — A smooth herb, resembling a Parsnip, 

 with twice-pinnate leaves, the uppermost opposite and 3-cleft, no involucres, 

 bristly involucels, and bright yellow flowers. (Name from iro\vs, many, and 

 raivla, a fillet, alluding to the numerous oil-tubes.) 



1. P. Nutfeillii, DC. — Ban-ens, Michigan, Wisconsin, and southwest- 

 ward. May. — Stem 2° - 3° high. 



7. IIERACLEUN, L. Cow-Parsnip. 



Calyx-teeth minute. Fruit as in Pastinaca, but the oil-tubes shorter than the 

 carpels (reaching from the summit to the middle). Petals (white) inversely 

 heart-shaped, those of the outer flowers commonly larger and radiant, appearing 

 2-cleft. — Stout perennials, with broad sheathing petioles and large flat umbels. 

 Involucre deciduous : involucels many-leaved. (Dedicated to Hercules.) 



1. H. I :t ii ;"il u in, Miehx. "Woolly; stem grooved; leaves 1 - 2-tcrnately 

 compound ; leaflets somewhat heart-shaped ; fruit obovate or orbicular. — Moist 

 rich ground; most common northward. June. — A very large, strong-scented 

 plant, 4° -8° high, in some places wrongly called Masterwort. 



8. PASTINACA, Tourn. Parsnip. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit oval, flat, with a thin single-winged margin ; the 

 carpels minutely 5-ribbed ; three of the ribs equidistant on the back, the lateral 

 ones distant from them and contiguous to the margin : an oil-tube in each inter- 

 val running the whole length of the fruit. Petals yellow, roundish, entire ; none 

 of the flowers radiant. — Chiefly biennials, with spindle-shaped roots, and pin- 

 nately-compound leaves. Involucre and involucels small or none. (The Latin 

 name, from pastus, food.) 



1. P. sativa, L. (Common Parsnip.) Steir. grooved, smooth; leaflets 

 ovate or oblong, obtuse, cut-toothed, somewhat shining above. — Fields, &c 

 July. (Adv. from Eu.) 



