CORNACE^E. (DOGWOOD FAMILY.) 161 



1. CORIVUS, Tourn. Cornel. Dogwood. 



Flowers perfect (or in some foreign species dioecious). Calyx minutely 4- 

 toothed. Petals 4, oblong, spreading. Stamens 4 : filaments slender. Style 

 slender: stigma terminal, flat or capitate. Drape small, with a 2-celled and 2- 

 seeded stone. — Leaves opposite (except in one species), entire. Flowers small, 

 in open naked cymes, or in close heads which are surrounded by a corolla-like 

 involucre. (Name from conut, a horn; alluding to the hardness of the wood.) 



§ 1. Flowers greenish, collected in a head or close clustir, which is surrounded by a 

 large and showy, 4-leaoed, corolla-like, white involucre : fruit bright red. 



1. C Canadensis, L. (Dwarf Cornel. Bunch-berry.) Stems 



low and simple (5'- 7' high) from a slender creeping ami subterranean rather 

 woody trunk; leaves scarcely petioled, the lower scale-like, the upper crowded 

 into an apparent whorl in sixes or fours, ovate or oval, pointed; leaves of the 



involucre ovate : fruit globrJar. — Damp cold wood-, common northward. June. 



2. C. florida, L. (Flowering Dogwood.) Leaves ovate, pointed, 

 acutish at the base ; leaves of the involucre inversely heart-shaped or notched (H' 

 long) ; fruit oval. — Rocky woods ; more common southward. May, June. — 

 Tree 12°-30° high, very showy in flower, scarcely less so in fruit. 



§ 2. Flowers white, in open and flat spreading cymes : involucre none: fruit spherical. 



* Leaves all opposite : shrubs. 



3. C circinata, L'Her. (Round-leaved Cornel or Dogwood.) 

 Branches greenish, warty-dotted ; leaves round-oval, abruptly pointed, woolly under- 

 neath (4' - 5' broad) ; cymes flat ; fruit light blue. — Copses; in rich soil. Juue. 



— Shrub 6° -10° high. Leaves larger than in any other species. 



4. C. sericea, L. (Silky Cornel. Kixxikinnik.) Branches pur- 

 plish ; the branchlets, stalls, and lower surface of the narrowly ovate or elliptical 

 pointed leaves silky-downy (often rusty), pale and dull; cymes flat, close; calyx- 

 teeth lanceolate ; fruit pale blue. — Wet places; common. June. — Shrub 3° - 



10° high. Flowers yellowish-white. 



5. C. Stolonifcra, Michx. (Red-osier Dogwood.) Branches, espe- 

 cially the osier-like annual shoots, bright red-purple, smooth; leaves ovate, rounded at 

 the base, abruptly short-pointed, rougbish with a minute close pubescence on 

 both sides, whitish und rneaih ; cymes small ami flat, rather few-flowered, nearly 

 smooth ; fruit white or lead-color. — Wet banks of streams; common, especially 

 northward. It multiplies by prostrate or subterranean suckers, and forms largo 

 dense clumps, 3° -6° high. June. 



6. C. asperifolia, Michx. (Rough-leaved Dogwood.) Branches 



broivnish ; the branchlets, §x. rough-pubescent ; leaves oblong or ovate, on very short 

 petioles, pointed, rough with a harsh pubescence above, and owny beneath ; calyx- 

 teeth minute. — Dry or sandy soil, Illinois and southward. May, June. 



7. C. Strtcta, Lam. (Stiff Cornel.) Branches brownish or reddish, 

 smooth ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, acutish at the base, glabrous, 

 of nearly the same hue both sides; cymes loose, flatfish ; anthers and fruit pale blue 



— Swamps, &c. Virginia and southward. April, May. — Shrub 8° - 1 5° high 



14* 



