CAPRIFOLIACE.E. (HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY.) 167 



flower? in compound cymes. (Name from o~ap,$vKr), an ancient musical instru- 

 ment, supposed to have been made of Elder-wood.) 



1. §. Canadensis, L. (Common Elder.) Stems scared)- woody 

 (5° -10° high) j leaflets 7-11, oblong, smooth, the lower often 3-parted; cymes 



fiat ; fruit black-purple. — Rich soil, in open places. June. — Pith white. 



2. S. pitbens, Michx. (Red-berried Elder.) Stems woody (2°- 

 13° high), the bark warty; leaflets 5-7, ovate-lanceolate, downy underneath; cymes 

 paraded, convex or pyramidal ; fruit bright red (rarely white). — Rocky woods ; 

 chiefly northward, and southward in the mountains. May : the fruit ripening 

 in June. — Pith brown. 



7. VIBlJRrYlTIfl, L. Arrow-wood. Laurestinus. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla spreading, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Stigmas 

 1-3. Fruit a 1-cclled, 1 -seeded drupe, with soft palp and a crostaceous flat- 

 tened stone. — Shrubs, with simple leaves, and white flowers in flat compound 

 cymes. Petioles sometimes bearing little appendages like stipules. Leaf-buds', 

 naked, or in No. 9 scaly. (The classical Latin name, of unknown meaning.) 



§ 1. Flowers all alike and perfect. (Fruit blue or black, glaucous.) 

 * Leaves entire, or toothed, not lobed. 



1. V. nudum, L. (Withe-rod.) Leaves thickish, oval, oblong or 

 lanceolate, dotted beneath, like the short petioles and cymes, with small brownish scales, 

 smooth above, not shining, the margins entire or wavy-crenate. ; cyme sliort-peduncled ; 

 fruit round-ovoid. — Var. 1. Claytom has the leaves nearly entire, the veins 

 somewhat prominent underneath, and grows in swamps from Massachusetts 

 near the coast to Virginia and southward. Var. 2. cassinoides (V. pyrifo- 

 lium, Pursh, $c.) has more opaque and often toothed leaves; and grows in cold 

 swamps from Pennsylvania northward. May, June. — Shrub 6°- 10° high. 



2. V. prunifuBinin, L. (Black Haw.) Leaves broadly oval, obtuse, 

 at both ends, finely and sharply serrate, shining above, smooth ; petioles naked ; 

 cymes sessile; fruit ovoid-oblong. — Dry copses, S. New York to Ohio, and 

 southward. May. — A tree-like shrub, very handsome in flower and foliage. 



3. V. SL.cntag'O, L. (Sweet Viisukxum. Sheep-berry.) Leaves 

 ovate, strongly pointed, closely and very sharply serrate, smooth, the long margined 

 petioles with the midrib and branches of the sessile cyme sprinkled with rusty 

 glands when young; fruit oval. — Copses, common. May, June. — Tree 

 15° -20° high, handsome; the fruit A' long, turning from red to blue-black, 

 and edible in autumn. 



4. V. oboviituill, Walt. Leaves obovate, obtuse, entire or denticulate, gla- 

 brous, thickish, small (l'-l^' long), shining; cymes sessile, small. — River-banks, 

 Virginia and southward. May. — Shrub 2° - 8° high. 



5. V. dentattim, L. (Arrow-wood.) Smooth; leaves broadly ovate, 

 coarsely and sharply toothed, strongly straight-veined, on slender petioles ; cymes pe- 

 duncled; fruit (small) ovoid-globose, blue. — Wet places; common. June. — 

 Shrub 5° - 10° high, with ash-colored bark ; the pale leaves often with hairy tufts 

 in the axils of the strong veins. 



