1 GS rtjbiace^e. (madder family.) 



6. V. p«1»£scens, Pursh. (Downy Arrow-wood.) Leaves ovate or 

 oblong-ovate, acute or pointed, coarsely toothed, rather strongly straight-veined, 

 the lower surface and the very short petioles velvety-downy ; cymes pcduncled ; fruit 

 ovoid. — Rocks, W. Vermont to Wisconsin and Kentucky. June. — Shrub 

 straggling, 2° -4° high. (V. molle, Miclix. is probably a form of this.) 



* * Leaves 3-lobed, roundish ; the lobes pointed. 



7. V. acerifdlium, L. (Maple-leaved Arrow-wood. Dock- 

 mackie.) Leaves 3-ribbed and roundish or heart-shaped at the base, downy under- 

 neath, coarsely and unequally toothed, the veins and stalks hairy ; cymes long- 

 pedutieled, many-flowered ; fruit oval ; filaments long. — Rocky woods, common. 

 May, June. — Shrub 3° - 5° high. 



8. V. gmucifloriaill, Pylaie. Smooth, or nearly so; leaves mostly trun 

 cate and 5-ribbed at the base, with 3 short lobes at the summit, unequally seirate 

 throughout ; cymes small and simple, pedunclcd ; filaments shorter than the corolla. — 

 Cold woods, mountains of N. Hampshire and New York ; Wisconsin and north- 

 ward. (V. Oxycoccus, var. eradiatum, Oakes.) — A low straggling shrub, with 

 larger leaves than No. 1, sen-ate all round, and less deeply lobed than in No. 9. 



§2. 6PULUS, Tourn. — Marginal fiotvers of the cyme destitute of stamens and 

 pistils, and with corollas many times larger than the others, forming a land of 

 ray, as in Hydrangea. 



9. Y. Ofmlsss, L. (Cranberry-tree.) Nearly smooth, upright; leaves 

 strongly 3-lobed, broadly wedge-shaped or truncate at the base, the spreading lobes 

 pointed, toothed on the sides, entire in the sinuses ; petioles bearing stalked 

 glands at the base; cymes pedunclcd; fruit ovoid, red. (V. Oxycoccus and V. 

 edulc, Pursh.) — Shrub 5° -10° high, showy in flower. The acid fruit is used 

 as a (poor) substitute for cranberries, whence the name High Cranberry-bush, &c. 



— The well-known Snow-ball Tree, or Guelder-Rose, is a cultivated state, 

 with the whole cyme turned into large sterile flowers. (Eu.) 



10. V. laatlnnmdcs, Michx. (Hobble-bush. American Wayfar- 

 ing-tree.) Leaves round-ovate, abruptly pointed, heart-shaped at the base, closely 

 serrate, many-veined ; the veins and veinlets underneath, along with the stalks 

 and branchlets, very scurfy with rusty-colored tufts of minute down ; cymes sessile, 

 very broad and flat ; fruit ovoid, crimson turning blackish. — Cold moist woods, 

 New England to Penn. and northward, and southward in the Alleghanies. May. 



— A straggling shrub ; the long, procumbent branches often taking root. Flow- 

 ers handsome. Leaves 4' - 8' across. 



Order 56. RUBIACE^. (Madder Family.; 



Shrubs or herbs, loith opposite entire leaves connected by interposed stipules, 

 or rarely in whorls without apparent stipules, the calyx coherent with the 2 -4- 

 celled ovary, the stamens as many as the hies of the regular corolla (3 - 5), 

 and inserted on its tube. — Fruit various. Seeds anatropous or amphitro- 

 pous. Embryo commonly pretty large, in copious hard albumen. — A very 

 large family, the greater part, and all its most important plants (such as 



