KUBIACE.E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 171 



lanceolate 01 ovate lanceolate, tapering to the apex (2' long) ; corolla glabrous • 

 otherwise like the last. — Woodlands; common northward. 



♦- ■*- •*- Peduncles many-flowered : flowers in open cymes, dull purple : fruit smooth. 

 9. O. latifoiium, Michx. Stems erect (l°-2° high), smooth; leaves 

 in fours, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, the midrib and margins rough ; 

 flowers all on long and slender spreading pedicels; corolla-lobes bristle pointed. 

 — Dry woodlands, Alleghany Mountains from Maryland southward. July. 

 S. Penn. 



-i — i — f- ■*- Peduncles many-flowered, in close tenninal jxinicles. 



10. G. boreale, L. (Northern Bedstraw.) Stem upright (l°-2° 

 high), smooth ; leaves in fours, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; panicle elongated ; 

 flowers white ; fruit minutely bristly, sometimes smooth. — Rocky banks of 

 streams; common, especially northward. June -Aug. (En.) 



11. G. verum, L. (Yellow Bedstraw.) Stem upright, slender ; leaves 

 in eights, linear, grooved above, roughish, deflexed ; flowers yellow, crowded; fruit 

 smooth. — Dry fields, E. Massachusetts. July. (Adv. from Eu.) 



KtniiA tinctoria, L., the cultivated Madder, — from which the order is 

 named, — has a berry-like fruit ; the parts of the flower 5. 



Suborder II. CIrV€IIOI\ T E.E. The Cinchona Family* 



2. SPERMACOCE, L. Button-weed. 



Calyx-tube short ; the limb parted into 4 teeth. Corolla funnel-form or 

 salver-form ; the lobes valvate in the bud. Stamens 4. Stigma or style 2-cleft. 

 Fruit small and dry, 2-celled, 2-seeded, splitting when ripe into 2 carpels, one 

 of them carrying with it the partition, and therefore closed, the other open ou 

 the inner face. — Small herbs, the bases of the leaves or petioles connected by a 

 bristle-bearing stipulav membrane. Flowers small, crowded into sessile axillary 

 whorled clusters or heads. Corolla whitish. (Name compounded of o-rrepfia, 

 geed, and cucwer), a point, probably from the pointed calyx-teeth on the fruit.) 



1. S. giitbl'a, Michx. Glabrous; stems spreading (9' -20' long) ; leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate; whorled heads many-flowered; corolla little exceeding the 

 calyx, bearded in the throat, bearing the anthers at its base ; filaments and style 

 hardly any. u. — River-banks, S. Ohio, Illinois, and southward. Aug 



> 



3. DIOD6A, L. Button-weed. 



Calyx-teeth 2-5, often unequal. Fruit 2- (rarely 3-) celled; the crustaceona 

 carpels into which it splits all closed and indehiscent. Otherwise nearly as in 

 Spermacocc. (Name from Biobos, a thoroughfare; the species often growing by 

 the way -side.) 



* In several genera, such as Mitchella, Oldenlandia, &c, the flowers, althongh perfect, aro ot 

 two sorts in different individuals ; — one sort having exserted stamens, borne in the throat of 

 the corolla, and short included styles ; the other having included stamens inserted low down in 

 the corolla, and long, usually exserted styles. Such we call diaciousty dimorphous. 



